This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of two different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (2.5% and 5.25%) on post-operative pain following single-visit root canal treatment. A total of 116 participants requiring primary endodontic treatment will be randomly allocated into two groups according to irrigant concentration. Post-operative pain will be assessed using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. The study seeks to determine the concentration that provides optimal disinfection with minimal patient discomfort.
Adult patients aged 18-60 years Systemically healthy individuals Permanent teeth with closed apices requiring primary root canal treatment Teeth diagnosed with symptomatic/asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis or pulpal necrosis Patients able to understand the Visual Analog Scale Patients willing to provide informed consent and complete follow-up
Uncontrolled systemic diseases Pregnant or breastfeeding women Allergy to sodium hypochlorite or local anesthetics Previously endodontically treated teeth Teeth with root resorption, vertical root fracture, or open apex Severe periodontal disease or mobility Use of analgesics, antibiotics, or anti-inflammatory drugs within previous 7 days