The present study will use transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) which are transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) combined with conventional physical therapy and cognitive-motor dual task gait training in sub-acute (at least 2 weeks after stroke onset) to chronic (within 5 years post-stroke) to investigate the effect on cortical activity, spinal motoneuron excitability, cognition and motor performance. The findings may enhance the evidence to support usages of tES for improvimg cognition, motor performance as well as cortical activity and spinal motoneuron excitability in a clinical setting.
Unilateral stroke individuals aged 18-80 years.
A first-ever stroke.
Stroke onset from at least 2 weeks-5 years.
Able to walk independently with or without gait aids (modified Rankin scale (mRS) 1-3)
Presence of any psychological or neurological antecedent, unstable medical conditions or condition that may increase risk of stimulation such as epilepsy, seizure, and history of brain injury
Having unstable cardiovascular disease or respiratory disease, and uncontrolled chronic disease such as diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT) and chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Receiving other non-invasive brain stimulation or additional intervention such as TMS, PMS or acupuncture
Presence of metal implantation, intracranial shunt, cochlear implantation, or cardiac pacemakers.