The goal of this clinical trial utilizing a randomized crossover design)is to explore the modulating effects of different exercise environments （green parks, outdoor athletic tracks, and indoor settings) on acute responses to High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). It aims to determine if environmental factors can optimize an individual's stress regulation, cognitive improvement, and psychological exercise experience. The study involves 25 healthy full-time college students aged 18 to 25.
The main questions it aims to answer are：
1. Are there significant differences in physiological stress (e.g., salivary cortisol, HRV) and cardiovascular responses when performing HIIT in different exercise environments (indoor, track, park)? 2. How does the exercise environment influence executive function (inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility) and subjective psychological experiences (e.g., emotional state, enjoyment, and exercise motivation) following HIIT? Researchers will compare the performance of participants across three conditions-Green Park (natural environment), Outdoor Athletic Track (conventional outdoor environment), and Indoor Venue (artificial environment)-to identify the modulating effects of different environments on exercise outcomes.
Participants will ：
Sign the informed consent form and complete baseline health screenings and psychological scales.
Undergo resting physiological measurements (Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, Salivary Cortisol) and complete computerized executive function tasks (Stroop task and More-odd-shifting task).
Perform approximately 15 minutes of standardized preparation activities (warm-up).
Complete a 15-minute high-intensity interval jump-rope training session (using a protocol of 30 seconds of high-intensity exercise followed by 30 seconds of recovery) in a randomly assigned environment.
Immediately following the exercise, undergo repeated physiological measurements, psychological assessments, and cognitive function tests.
Full-time college students aged 18 to 25 years old.
Healthy, with no history of major cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, or endocrine diseases.
No exercise contraindications or lower limb injuries, able to safely complete high-intensity interval training (including jump rope).
No recent events affecting physiological or psychological status, such as severe insomnia, anxiety, depression, or extreme fatigue.
Severe cardiovascular diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmias, uncontrolled hypertension).
Severe respiratory diseases (e.g., severe asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or recent acute respiratory infections).
History of neurological diseases or brain injuries (e.g., epilepsy, recent concussion) that may affect safety or cognitive tasks.
Uncontrolled endocrine or metabolic diseases that may interfere with cortisol or metabolic measurements.
Crossover
HIIT in Indoor Environment
Other interventionParticipants will perform a 15-minute jump-rope High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) session in a controlled indoor sports venue. The protocol consists of 15 rounds of 30-second high-intensity exercise (target: 85-90% HRmax, RPE 15-17) followed by 30-second active recovery (target: 55-60% HRmax, RPE 9-10). The session includes standardized warm-up and post-exercise physiological and cognitive assessments.
HIIT in Outdoor Athletic Track
Other interventionParticipants will perform a 15-minute jump-rope HIIT session on a standard outdoor athletic track. The training protocol is identical to the indoor session: 15 rounds of 30-second high-intensity work (85-90% HRmax) and 30-second recovery (55-60% HRmax). This condition focuses on the effects of a conventional outdoor built environment on physiological stress and executive function.
HIIT in Green Park Environment
Other interventionParticipants will perform a 15-minute jump-rope HIIT session in a natural green park environment. The protocol remains consistent: 15 rounds of 30-second high-intensity work (85-90% HRmax) and 30-second recovery (55-60% HRmax). This condition aims to investigate the synergistic effects of "green exercise" on stress reduction, cardiovascular response, and cognitive enhancement.
Change in Salivary Cortisol Concentration
Change in Inhibitory Control Assessed by the Stroop Task
Change in Cognitive Flexibility Assessed by the More-odd-shifting Task
Change in Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
Change in Blood Pressure
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