Periodontal Health Among Cigarette, Electronic Cigarettes, and Narghile Smokers
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot listed
Trial typeObservational
Biological sexAll
Age18-25
SponsorAl-Hawash Private University
About this trial
This study compares the different effects of traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and narghile on periodontal health among a sample of Al-Hawash Private University students. The main question it aims to answer is: Are there statistically significant differences in periodontal parameters among different types of smokers?
Eligibility criteria
Qualifiers
Cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked five or more cigarettes per day for at least one year.
E-cigarette smokers: Individuals who have smoked e-cigarettes one or more times per day for at least one year.
narghile smokers: Individuals who have used a hookah one or more times per day for at least one year.
Disqualifiers
Non-smokers
Ages older than 25 years
Dual smokers: Individuals who smoke two or more types of tobacco.
Individuals with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, liver problems, and kidney disease
Trial design
Treatments tested in this trial
- Non-Interventional Study
Treatment groups
90 Participants
are divided into 3 treatment groupsSponsors and collaborators
Source ClinicalTrials.gov