This is a prospective, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicenter, randomized clinical trial is to study the effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on contrast-associated acute kidney injury, functional capacity, and major adverse kidney events in in patients with congestive heart failure undergoing cardiac catheterization and/or percutaneous coronary intervention.
Age 18 years
Diagnosis of heart failure with reduced LVEF <50%
Pre-procedure intravenous normal saline fluid restriction status
Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) AKI risk score (>1%)
Inability to give informed consent
Unstable BP (SBP > 200 or <80 mmHg) at the time of enrolment
Upper limb peripheral arterial disease
Unavailability of at least one arm for RIPC/Sham-RIPC application