NICU Antibiotics and Outcomes (NANO) Follow-up Study

Infants at low risk for early onset sepsis-Infants born for maternal indications via caesarean section with rupture of membranes within 6 hours, without attempts to induce labor, and without concern for maternal infection

Infants at high risk for early onset sepsis- Infants born to mothers with intrapartum fever (> 38ºC) or clinical diagnosis of chorioamnionitis (suspected or definite), infants born to mothers with proven Group B Streptococcus colonization or indication for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis that did not receive adequate antibiotic treatment according to specialty specific guidelines, (i.e., penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin), infant born to mother with previous infant with GBS disease/infection

Infants with respiratory insufficiency requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and fraction of inspired oxygen> 0.40 or non-invasive ventilation and fraction of inspired oxygen > 0.60 at time of randomization

Infants with ongoing hemodynamic instability requiring vasopressors or more than one fluid bolus at time of randomization