Antibiotics

Periodontitits is a bacteria induced inflammatory disease that destroys the supporting tissues of the tooth and leads to tooth loss. Treatment consists mainly of the mechanical cleaning of the tooth surfaces in order to remove the bacterial deposits (plaque and calculus). This procedure can reduce the level of pathogenic bacteria but it can not eradicate them. In severe cases, for the complete resolution of the disease, the elimantion of certain species of bacteria is needed. In order to achieve that, the combination of different regimens of antibiotics adjunctive to the mechanical treatment has been proposed. However, dosage and duration of antimicrobial therapy should be optimal and not excessive as issues may arise related to increased antimicrobial resistance in the population and the individual due to habitual prescription of wide-spectrum antibiotic regimens, horizontal gene transfer and genetic mutation. In the present study, in an effort to optimize the dosage and duration of the antimicrobial regimen, we will determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the MET-AMO combination and of AZI in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF), saliva and serum in severe periodontitis patients during and after either a 3-day or a 7-day course of treatment.

This study, as a prospective, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority, international multicenter clinical trial, aims to evaluate whether a strategy of no antimicrobial prophylaxis is non-inferior to the traditional single-dose prophylaxis regimen in patients with a low risk of infection undergoing single-use flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with a flexible negative-pressure suction sheath. It is anticipated that this will have a substantial impact on infection prevention strategies in urological surgery.

The goal of this study is to evaluate an educational intervention that aims to reduce the number of unnecessary antibiotics prescribed by family physicians and nurse practitioners in British Columbia, Canada. The intervention materials include a confidential personalized prescribing "portrait" and an evidence-based educational summary (therapeutics letter), accompanied by an introduction letter. The main research questions are: 1. Will the intervention lead to a reduction in the overall number of antibiotics prescriptions started? 2. Will the intervention lead to a reduction in the proportion of antibiotics prescribed that are likely unnecessary, especially prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections, acute bronchitis, acute sinusitis? Researchers will conduct an intervention study with family physicians and nurse practitioners in British Columbia, Canada. Participant clinicians will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. The Early Group will consist of 80% of the participants and will receive the intervention (prescribing portrait, evidence summary, and introduction letter) at the start of the study. The Delayed Group will consist of 20% of participants and will receive the intervention about nine months later. This study design allows most practitioners to receive the intervention early while still allowing time to compare the two groups to assess the impact. To estimate the impact of the intervention, researchers will use administrative health data to compare the prescribing of the Early Group with prescribing of the Delayed Group.

The purpose of the UCSD Human Milk Biorepository is to establish and maintain a repository of breast milk samples that can be used to learn more about how breast milk influences infant and child health.

During hysterectomy bacteria may enter into the peritoneal cavity through vaginal opening and contaminate the healing tissues. The risk for deep infection after hysterectomy is about 5%. By reducing post-hysterectomy infections, it is possible to reduce individual burden of disease in addition to the direct and indirect financial costs. This study primary aim is to assess if prophylactic preoperative use of azithromycin in addition to generally used cefuroxime decreases post-hysterectomy infections as compared to cefuroxime only prophylaxis during 30 days after hysterectomy. Secondary aim is to assess if there is change in post-hysterectomy superficial infections, urinary tract infections, or post-operative fever between the cohorts and to report possible side-effects of the used antibiotics. In addition, the study finds out a possible role of bacterial vaginosis and microbiome n post-hysterectomy infections.

The NANO follow-up study is designed to determine whether a simple, cost-effective intervention- withholding antibiotics at birth- reduces clinically relevant outcomes such as behavioral and neurological impairment at 2 years of age. This study will be the largest study evaluating the effects of early antibiotics in children with comprehensive measures of neurodevelopment linked to genomic variants and microbiota interactions.

Intra-abdominal infection is one of the most serious complications after pancreatic resection. The preventive use of antibiotics intraoperatively could reduce the incidence rate of postoperative intra-abdominal infection. According to the previous retrospective study, changes of serum lactate level on postoperative day1 could predict the incidence rate of postoperative intra-abdominal infection. This prospective RCT is to further validate and promote the findings and conclusion.

To find out whether oral antibiotics given after transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery for pituitary adenoma improves sinus and nasal symptoms, reduces the incidence of infection (sinusitis), and helps mucosal healing in the nasal passages.