This study compares the effects of once-daily versus twice-daily ramipril dosing on renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Outcomes include changes in plasma renin activity, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, albuminuria, and cystatin C after 30 days of therapy.
Female or Male with age >18 years old
Patients with a diagnosis of CKD stage 3-5 non-dialysis with low ejection fraction heart failure (ejection fraction < 40%)
Receiving hemodialysis therapy
History of intolerance to ACE inhibitors
Refractory hyperkalemia
Pregnancy
Evi Liliek Wulandari
Lead sponsor
Universitas Sebelas Maret
Sponsor institution