This study aims to examine the relationships between socio-ecological determinants, health literacy, and self-management agency among patients with diabetes mellitus. Using a path analysis framework, the study investigates how multi-level socio-ecological factors and different dimensions of health literacy influence patients' capacity for diabetes self-management. Understanding these pathways will support the development of comprehensive, context-sensitive interventions to improve diabetes outcomes.
- Adults aged 18 years and older.
Diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Receiving follow-up care in outpatient or primary healthcare settings.
Able to communicate verbally and provide informed consent.
- Patients with severe cognitive impairment.
Patients with acute medical conditions preventing participation.
Pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes.