Infertility treatment is a long and challenging process. Women who become pregnant after this process may experience stress, anxiety and intense concerns about the baby's health alongside their happiness. These feelings can negatively affect the mother's adjustment to pregnancy and her psychological well-being.
This study was designed to examine the effects of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme, administered to women who became pregnant after infertility treatment, on:
stress levels during pregnancy,
adaptation to pregnancy,
and foetal (baby's health-related) anxiety.
Pregnant women participating in the study will be divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Women in the experimental group will receive mindfulness-based stress reduction training lasting approximately 4 weeks. This programme includes breathing exercises, meditation, body awareness, self-compassion exercises, and practices aimed at strengthening the mother-baby bond. The control group will not receive any training during this period.
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As a result of infertility treatment,
Pregnancy week 10-28. Pregnant women in their 10th to 28th week of pregnancy
with no foetal abnormalities,
without any psychiatric diagnosis,
Pregnant women who participated in mind-body practices or any prenatal class/programme during the study period.
Those with communication difficulties
Parallel
MBSR
BehavioralParticipants allocated to the experimental arm will receive a structured Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program in addition to routine prenatal care. The MBSR intervention is delivered in a group format by a trained researcher and is adapted for pregnant women who conceived following infertility treatment. The program is conducted over 4 weeks, with two sessions per week. Each session includes guided mindfulness practices such as breathing-focused meditation, body scan exercises, gentle pregnancy-safe yoga movements, emotional awareness practices, and self-compassion exercises. The intervention also includes mindfulness practices aimed at strengthening maternal-fetal bonding, such as loving-kindness meditation directed toward the fetus and mindful awareness of bodily sensations related to pregnancy. Participants are encouraged to engage in daily home practice using provided audio-guided materials. The primary purpose of this arm is to reduce pregnancy-related stress and fe
Tilburg Distress in Pregnancy Scale
Description: It was developed by Pop et al. in the Netherlands in 2011 for the diagnosis of distress in pregnancy. It was translated into Turkish by Çapık in 2013 after a Turkish validity and reliability study. The scale consists of a total of 16 items. It is 4-point Likert type. The lowest score that can be obtained from the total scale is 0 and the highest score is 48. The scale has two sub-dimensions as 'Negative affect' and 'Partner involvement'. The scale can be applied to pregnant women aged 12 weeks and above. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the original scale was 0.78. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Turkish form of the scale is 0.80 (Çapık et al. 2015).
Prenatal Self-Assessment Scale (PSAS)
Developed by Lederman in 1979 to assess adaptation to motherhood (Lederman 1979), the validity and reliability of this scale in Turkish were established in 2006 by Beydağ and Mete in 21 health centres in the province of Denizli. This four-point Likert-type scale consists of 79 items. The scale has seven subscales: thoughts about one's own and the baby's health, acceptance of pregnancy, acceptance of the maternal role, readiness for childbirth, fear of childbirth, relationship with one's own mother, and relationship with one's spouse. Each subscale contains between 10 and 15 items (Beydağ and Mete 2008). Forty-seven of the items in this scale are reverse-scored (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 40, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79) (Beydağ and Mete 2008). Each item on the scale Translated with DeepL.com (free version)
Fetal Anxiety Scale (FAS)
The scale, developed by Reiser and Wright (2019), measures pregnant women's anxiety about the health of their foetus. The FAS has no subscales and consists of 14 items. Each item consists of 4 statements that best reflect the experiences of pregnant women in the past weeks. Items on the scale are scored from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (severe symptoms), and the sum of the items yields the total foetal health anxiety score (0-42), with higher scores indicating increased levels of foetal health anxiety. The scale's Cronbach's alpha value is 0.85 (Gökbulut et al., 2024).
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