Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) is a surgical method for upper urinary calculi. The advent of tubeless PCNL (without indwelling nephrostomy tube) has been proved to be safe and effective in reducing postoperative discomfort, shortening hospitalization time and reducing hospitalization costs. Traditional tubeless PCNL usually involves retrograde insertion of the ureteral catheter, which may cause many ureteral related surgical complications. However, there are few reports on tubeless PCNL without reverse ureteral catheter insertion. The goal of this study is to explore the safety and effectiveness of the tubeless PCNL without reverse ureteral catheter insertion.
Participants who met the the applications of PCNL surgery in the 2019 Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Diseases
Participants who agree to undergo tubeless PCNL
The participants' maximum diameter of the stone should be less than 3.5cm
Confirmation by computerized tomography (CT) images and blood biochemical indicators of infectious stones or complex staghorn stones
Obvious surgical contraindications, such as severe heart and lung insufficiency, abnormal coagulatory function
Previous PCNL or nephrolithotomy, presence of an indwelling ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube before surgery
Renal trauma or congenital malformation of the urinary system