Urinary Calculi

This single-center single-blind randomized trial compares fospropofol disodium and propofol for anesthesia in elective ureteroscopy patients. A total of 190 eligible adults will be randomly divided into two groups at 1:1 ratio with identical intraoperative maintenance protocols. The primary outcome is 24-hour postoperative anesthesia satisfaction assessed by ISAS scale; secondary and safety endpoints include injection pain, intraoperative hemodynamic events and various perioperative adverse reactions. This study explores the clinical efficacy and safety of the two sedatives to guide rational clinical medication.

This is a prospective, open-label, multi-center study to test the clinical feasibility of facilitating stone passage by the combination of breaking and repositioning stones with ultrasound, without the need for anesthesia.

This is a prospective, open-label, multi-center, single-arm (non-randomized) study to assess the safety and effectiveness of breaking stones in the upper urinary tract using the SonoMotion Break Wave technology. Up to 30 subjects will be included. The procedure will be performed in a hospital surgical environment as an outpatient (without being admitted) or in a non-surgical environment such as a clinic or office procedure room. The procedure will be performed under varying levels of anesthesia ranging from no anesthesia to general anesthesia (fully asleep). Stones will be limited to ≤ 10 mm for lower pole stones and ≤ 20 mm everywhere else. Safety will be measured by the self-reported occurrences of adverse events, unplanned emergency department or clinic visits, and the need for further intervention. Fragmentation will be measured by self-reported stone passage and a comparison of computed tomography (CT) images before and after the procedure.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath combined with needle perc works to treat partial staghorn renal calculi. It will also learn about the safety of drug ABC. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath combined with needle perc result in similar stone free rate compared with PCNL * Does flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath combined with needle perc result in more complications compared with PCNL Researchers will compare flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath combined with needle perc result in similar stone free rate compared with PCNL to see if flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath combined with needle perc works to treat partial staghorn renal calculi. Participants will: * Performed flexible and navigable suction ureteral access sheath combined with needle perc or PCNL * Visit the clinic after surgery 1 month and 3 month for checkups and tests

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) is a surgical method for upper urinary calculi. The advent of tubeless PCNL (without indwelling nephrostomy tube) has been proved to be safe and effective in reducing postoperative discomfort, shortening hospitalization time and reducing hospitalization costs. Traditional tubeless PCNL usually involves retrograde insertion of the ureteral catheter, which may cause many ureteral related surgical complications. However, there are few reports on tubeless PCNL without reverse ureteral catheter insertion. The goal of this study is to explore the safety and effectiveness of the tubeless PCNL without reverse ureteral catheter insertion.

This is a prospective randomized study to compare endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery and PCNL as modalities of treatment for staghorn stones. In terms of efficacy and safety

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urinary stone is common and widespread nowadays. Approximately 80% of urinary stones are treated by ESWL. Traditionally distal ureteric stones are treated with ESWL in the prone position. However, as some patients cannot tolerate lying in the prone due to medical illness such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), some authors have reported using the supine approach of ESWL for treatment of distal ureter stones. No serious complications had developed in the patients who underwent supine approach. Only minor complications such as self-limiting blood in the urine, painful passage of urine, or local pain that had responded to oral painkillers. There were no serious complications encountered in children as well. In the most recent retrospective review by Tolley et al, they had revealed that patients who had underwent supine ESWL for distal ureteric stones had an improved stone-free rate compared with the traditional prone approach. Patient with radio-opaque distal ureteric stones (stones below the sacroiliac joint) on KUB X-ray, who have opted for ESWL treatment, are randomized into two groups: one undergoing ESWL in the supine position and the other undergoing ESWL in the prone position. Patients will be observed for two hours after ESWL before being discharged. Oral painkillers as necessary will be provided to the patient. The patients will have a KUB Xray at 2 weeks post-ESWL, and then monthly afterwards if required. If there are residual stones at the 2-week follow-up, the patient will be offered ESWL again. Patients are free to withdraw from the study at any time and will continue to be managed as per usual. The investigators aim to have 130 patients, with 65 patients in each group with an interim analyses to be performed when 66 patients have been recruited (33 patients in each group).

The purpose of this study is to use the Shuotong ureteroscopy for surgical treatment of patients with upper urinary tract stones, taking advantage of the fact that the Shuotong mirror can be used for simultaneous lithotripsy and stone removal, thus maximizing the discharge of stones from the body and improving the stone removal rate.