Biliary Drainage

The goal of this retrospective observational study is to construct a composite outcome to measure the success of treatment in patients who are presenting with acute cholangitis (blockage and infection of bile ducts) and undergoing a drainage procedure with different modalities. The study is not intended to test any predetermined hypothesis and does not have any comparison group. The participants' data are collated from retrospective hospital records and analysed for the purpose of the study. All the procedures are in place to ensure the confidentiality of the study participants while collating, analysing and sharing study findings.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an indispensable therapeutic procedure in the management of a wide spectrum of pancreaticobiliary disorders, including choledocholithiasis, benign and malignant biliary strictures, pancreatic ductal obstructions, and postoperative bile leaks. The procedure has revolutionized the management of these conditions, often obviating the need for surgery.Precut papillotomy and Double Guidewire Technique (DGT) are both salvage techniques used in ERCP when standard biliary cannulation fails. Precut (Needle-Knife Precut): An endoscopic incision made into the papilla to gain access to the bile duct when conventional methods fail. Intentional Double Guidewire Technique (DGT): A technique where a guidewire is intentionally placed into the pancreatic duct to act as a "guide" or anchor, straightening the biliary axis and allowing a second guidewire to be inserted into the bile duct.