Birth Outcomes

Globally, neonatal and infant mortality persist as challenging concerns, paralleled by a notable prevalence of low birth weight and preterm birth. Some of the factors contributing to these issues include poor maternal health and nutrition, maternal smoking, and insufficient maternal awareness. Despite global efforts to improve maternal, newborn, and child health, adverse birth outcomes remain significant challenges, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). A noteworthy observation is that not all pregnant women modify their behaviours for their and their baby's health due to lack of social support, fear and insecurity. Recognizing the potential for interventions during pregnancy to positively influence maternal, fetal, and neonatal health, this research underscores the role of Mobile Health (mHealth) technologies in leveraging information and communication technology for health service delivery. Accordingly, the study aims to evaluate the effect of mobile health intervention on birth outcomes in Nepal. In the initial phase, a qualitative study will be conducted to explore the views, informational needs and preferences of pregnant women regarding utilization of mHealth intervention. These insights will inform the development of user-centred educational videos and tailored mHealth interventions for pregnant women. A two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial will then assess the mHealth intervention's effect on the birth outcomes of the pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinic of selected hospital. The investigators will randomize pregnant women at gestational age 13-27 weeks into either a control group (who will receive standard care along with a control video and reminder phone call for follow-up) or an intervention group (who will receive standard care along with m-health intervention that includes educational video, short message service (SMS) and reminder phone call for follow up). Follow-up will be done from the time of enrolment until the first 24 hours after childbirth, focusing on evaluating the effect of m-Health intervention on birth outcomes (birth weight and gestational age at delivery). Data collection will utilize a self-constructed semi-structured questionnaire, along with validated questionnaires. The collected data will be analysed using STATA 14, contributing valuable insights into the potential effect of mHealth intervention on birth outcomes.

This prospective cohort study examines the relationship between maternal methyl-nutrient status during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopment. It integrates maternal dietary, biomarker, genetic, and microbiome data and follows children up to 24 months.

Scarcity of food is a leading cause of sickness and death in mothers and their newborns in sub-Saharan Africa. Use of locally acceptable agricultural interventions including provision of agricultural supplies, training and having model farms can go a long way to alleviate the ills of food scarcity among mothers and children in our region. This study is designed to learn whether an agricultural intervention might prevent food scarcity and illness among mothers and children. A total of 410 pregnant women will be enrolled from 9- 20 weeks of pregnancy, half living with HIV. Women will be randomly assigned to receive the intervention right away or to receive the intervention after the study is over if they are interested. Follow-up on enrolled participants will happen at a specified period of time, up to 12 months postpartum. The central hypothesis is that by empowering pregnant women with skills and commodities for sustainable farming, the intervention will lead to better maternal and infant health compared to control participants. The study intervention includes the provision of agricultural commodities (including irrigation pumps seeds, and other supplies) training on agriculture and business, and a demonstration farm where all trainings will be held and where women can harvest vegetables to bring home. The study aims to explore the impact of the intervention on health outcomes as well as socioeconomic and behavioral factors among the study population. This research will significantly advance scientific understanding of the importance of such agricultural interventions for pregnant women and their infants in the first year of life.

Aromatherapy, visual and auditory stimuli are used together in the Snoezelen room. Aromatherapy increases the production of endorphins, reduces the intensity of pain and distracts the attention from the pain. Music also blocks the transmission of nerve impulses to the spinal cord.Considering these effects, the study emerges as a new technology for the midwifery field in our country. Although the use of snoezelen rooms in the delivery environment is becoming increasingly widespread abroad, it has not been used in delivery services in any hospital in our country. The primary purpose of this study is to convert a room in the delivery room of the hospital into a Snoezelen room and have women complete their delivery process in this room, and the secondary purpose is to determine the effect of the Snoezelen room on the delivery process. The primiparous pregnant women selected for the intervention and control groups will be informed about the purpose of the study and the applications by the research midwife or gynecologist following the birth and will be administered the "Pregnant Information Form", "Visual Analog Scale (VAS)", "Fear of Childbirth Scale", "Birth Comfort Scale", and after birth, the "Birth Information Form", "Birth Satisfaction Scale". The Beta Endorphin Level Recording Form will be filled out.

The goal of this cohort study is to investigate the underlying risk factors to develop metabolic syndrome (MetS) during pregnancy, and the associations of MetS and its indicators with birth outcomes in southwest Ethiopia. The study population consists of low-risk pregnant ladies in their first antenatal care visit (ANC), from Jimma Medical center. The main question\[s\] it aims to answer are: i) How do MetS components progress during pregnancy, and what are the underlying risk factors? ii) What is the association between MetS components during early- and late pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes? iii) What is the knowledge, attitude and practices of women toward dietary habits, food taboos, and cultural beliefs during pregnancy? The study population consists of low-risk pregnant ladies in their first trimester (\<15 weeks of pregnancy) in their first antenatal care visit (ANC) who will be followed up until one-month postpartum. Enrolled women will be assessed four times: at enrolment ≤15 weeks of pregnancy, mid-pregnancy (at 24 weeks), and late pregnancy (at 36 weeks), and within two weeks post-partum for: 1. Sociodemographic data 2. Dietary intake 3. Biochemical analyses 4. Maternal anthropometry: 5. Body composition in a subsample. 6. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of dietary practices during pregnancy 7. Pregnancy and birth outcomes: During the final visit, new born babies will be assessed for Apgar score, weight, length, and head circumference. The mother will be examined for general health and mode of delivery.