Cachexia-Anorexia Syndrome

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if olanzapine works to prevent and treat anorexia-cachexia syndrome and appetite loss in cancer patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: Is prolonged low-dose olanzapine effective and save in: * Preventing/treating weight loss due to anorexia. * Controlling nausea/vomiting. * Maintaining anticancer therapy dose intensity? Does prolonged low-dose olanzapine improve quality of life in patients receiving neoadjuvant/preoperative chemotherapy? Participants will: Take prolonged low-dose olanzapine (2.5 mg/day) in treatment group or usual diet only in control group until surgical treatment Physical examination, anthropometric assessment, blood tests, quality of life, appetite and nutritional status assessment, abdominal CT, handgrip dynamometry before chemotherapy and after preoperative chemotherapy before surgery Physical examination, adverse events every visit Surgical complications within 30 days after surgery

The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of selpercatinib on cachexia and anorexia in patients diagnosed with NSCLC, colorectal cancer, or pancreatic cancer.

This is a clinical study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary efficacy of SXRN Injection in cancer patients with anorexia-cachexia. Phase Ia employs a single-arm, open-label, dose-escalation design. Phase Ib, an extension of the study, utilizes a design of combination therapy with standard anti-tumor therapy for cancers including but not limited to pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and colon cancer.

Patients with advanced lung cancer are a high-risk population for cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS). Meanwhile, the adverse reactions of chemotherapy and immunotherapy potentially exacerbate the occurrence and progression of CACS. CACS seriously affects the quality of life of patients with advanced lung cancer, significantly shortens the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), forming a vicious cycle. A number of previous studies have shown that combined supportive therapies such as megestrol acetate during chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for advanced tumor patients is a clinically meaningful and feasible treatment model in clinical practice. However, the efficacy and optimal treatment timing of combination with current first-line immunochemotherapy regimens remain unclear. Although mechanistic studies have shown that anti-cachexia therapy may synergistically enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy, relevant clinical research evidence is lacking. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that the combination of first-line immunochemotherapy regimen and nano-crystalline megestrol acetate can improve the clinical benefits of patients with advanced lung cancer. It is planned to enroll patients with advanced lung cancer who present with anorexia-cachexia, and administer nano-crystalline megestrol acetate intervention (nano-crystalline megestrol acetate or its placebo control) during first-line immunochemotherapy. The changes in body weight relative to the baseline, as well as the impact on survival benefits and quality of life of patients, will be detected. In China, megestrol acetate is mainly available in two dosage forms: oral suspension and dispersible tablets. The oral suspension of megestrol acetate adopts nano-crystal technology (referred to as nano-crystalline megestrol acetate), which reduces the particle size of megestrol acetate and improves bioavailability. Previous randomized controlled studies have shown that it is superior to non-nano-crystal dosage forms in improving body weight.

The goal of this observational study is to to look for changes within the brain, and changes in body-to-brain signals in people with cancer and people who do not have cancer. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Are there differences in areas of the brain known to be related to appetite control, food reward and motivation, between participants with cancer related weight loss and healthy volunteers 2. Do responses to questionnaires and computer based tasks suggest participants with cancer related weight loss have reduced appetite and reduced motivation to eat compared to healthy volunteers, and if so, do questionnaires suggest that this is associated with any other symptoms? Researchers will compare the structure and blood flow in relevant areas of the brain using MRI images between participants with cancer related weight loss and healthy volunteers. Participants will complete questionnaires and computer based tasks to allow researchers to assess areas of the brain which become more active in response to different stimuli. Some computer based tasks will be performed during the MRI scan. This is called functional MRI. A further objective is to obtain an archive of blood samples which will be stored securely for future analysis if relevant hormones or analytes are identified that may be relevant to metabolism or body composition