Cardiac Surgery in Adult Patient

The purpose of this prospective observational clinical cohort study is to develop a scientifically based approach to the prediction and early diagnosis of intestinal dysfunction in cardiac surgery patients. The main questions that the study should answer: What are the main risk factors for the development of intestinal dysfunction? What specific and non-specific biomarkers can predict the development of intestinal dysfunction? The study participants will be monitored from the moment of hospitalization until the end of their stay in a medical facility

Radial artery cannulation is a routine procedure for invasive hemodynamic monitoring for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery patients. Although ultrasound (USG) guidance is known to improve success rates, there is limited data comparing the efficacy of the 'Direct' versus 'Seldinger' techniques specifically in patients with anticipated difficult radial access. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of USG-guided Direct cannulation and USG-guided Seldinger techniques in adult patients with anticipated difficult radial arterial cannulation.

A difficult airway is a clinical condition that occurs when one or more of the components of difficult mask ventilation, difficult laryngoscopy, difficult endotracheal intubation, difficult supraglottic airway device (SGA) placement, and inability to intubate-oxygenate are present. Data concerning incidence of difficult airway in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery is controversial. Unwanted hemodynamic changes that may occur in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, combined with hemodynamic changes caused by underlying cardiac pathologies, may also lead to a physiologically difficult airway situation. Since all these interactions, combined with the hemodynamic changes caused by difficult airway interventions, may lead to catastrophic outcomes, it is vital to predict difficult airway in this patient population.

The purpose of this trial is to investigate whether sigh ventilation strategy, combining sigh breaths, low tidal volume, and moderate PEEP levels, protects against major pulmonary complications within the first 7 postoperative days after cardiac surgery, as compared with conventional ventilation strategy with low tidal volume, and moderate PEEP levels.