Diagnosis

Periodontal diseases and dental pathologies are highly prevalent oral diseases. Thirty-three to fifty percent of adult population presented at least one untreated caries and more than 50% of French population are affected by severe periodontitis. These diseases affect dental organ or periodontal attached system but could have negative impact on general health, quality of life, word and individual well-being. Association between chronic diseases as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and oral health have been well investigated. Dental and periodontal diagnosis is dependent of various clinical parameters time consuming and dependent operator. It represents a public health challenge. Informatic analysis detecting diseases could be a time gain and a more precise diagnosis tool. Today, any software or algorithm allow automatized detection, clinical qualitative or quantitative indices recording while these informations are present in numeric models

Cardiac amyloidosis is a progressive disorder caused by extracellular deposition of amyloid fibrils in the heart, leading to heart failure and impaired cardiac function. Early diagnosis and targeted therapies are essential to improve patient outcomes. This prospective, single-center study aims to longitudinally follow patients with suspected cardiac amyloidosis to characterize disease progression and assess treatment effects. Participants will undergo cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (resting and exercise stress MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (spiroergometry) and blood testing at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 months

Asthma is a common inflammatory respiratory disease affecting 11% of Canadians, but its diagnosis remains challenging, leading to delays in treatment or overtreatment. Spirometry with a reversibility test and bronchial provocation testing (BPT), considered the gold standard, are the reference diagnostic methods. However, access to BPT is limited as it is performed in hospital settings. Type 2 inflammation biomarkers, the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and blood eosinophils (EOS), represent a potential alternative. In addition to their prognostic and theragnostic value, these markers predict a good response to inhaled corticosteroids in individuals aged ≥ 6 years with asthma. However, their use remains restricted to pulmonologists in specialized clinics and is not recommended as a diagnostic tool in Quebec. Despite studies demonstrating their diagnostic value in specialized settings, these tests remain underexplored in primary care and insufficiently studied in children under 12 years. The objective of ou study is to evaluate the relevance and performance of FeNO and blood eosinophils in the diagnosis of asthma in children referred in primary care with non-diagnostic spirometry.

It is important to diagnose pulmonary embolism in a timely manner to prevent death and long-term disability. More than half a million people (4-5% of emergency department patients) are tested for pulmonary embolism, although the positive rate is low. Imaging for PE testing exposes patients to radiation, is expensive, adds time to the emergency visit, and can lead to a false positive diagnoses. Existing protocols aimed at reducing unnecessary pulmonary embolism imaging are complex and seldom used by emergency physicians. Too many patients undergo unnecessary pulmonary embolism imaging. A new tool (called Adjust-Unlikely) could safely reduce pulmonary embolism imaging in Canada. A research group composed of researchers, emergency physicians, and patients developed the Adjust-Unlikely clinical decision rule: a rule which has been customized for emergency physicians and emergency patients. Adjust-Unlikely is highly sensitive at the bedside, meaning there are very few false negative results. The study aim is to prospectively validate Adjust-Unlikely pulmonary embolism testing in emergency patients with suspected pulmonary embolism.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an inflammatory disease of large and medium arteries that can cause irreversible vision loss. Glucocorticoids (GCs) rapidly suppress inflammation, but diagnostic imaging tests such as temporal artery ultrasound or biopsy often become falsely negative within days of treatment. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), measurable by ocular ultrasound, reflects perineural edema and may serve as a quantitative biomarker of ocular inflammation in GCA. The SONIC-TIME study (Early Temporal Dynamics of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter After Glucocorticoid Therapy in Giant Cell Arteritis) is a single-center, prospective observational substudy embedded within SONIC-GCA (NCT05749094) at Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal. It aims to characterize how rapidly ONSD decreases after GC initiation and how this trajectory relates to cumulative GC exposure, intravenous methylprednisolone, and early use of steroid-sparing therapies. Sixty participants with newly diagnosed GCA will undergo serial optic nerve sheath ultrasound, blood tests (CRP, ESR), and when feasible, temporal artery ultrasound over the first two months of therapy (Days 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and Month 2). No experimental treatments are given; all participants receive standard-of-care therapy. The primary objective is to quantify the percent change in mean ONSD from baseline to Day 28. Secondary objectives include modeling ONSD change over time, assessing associations with cumulative steroid dose and inflammatory markers, and estimating the time to normalization below the SONIC-GCA cutoff. Findings will define the optimal imaging window and refine the diagnostic and monitoring role of optic nerve ultrasound in GCA.

Social cognition refers to the mental processes involved in social interactions, including social perception, motivation, communication, emotion recognition, and theory of mind. Face perception plays a key role in children's social development, but children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) tend to look less at social stimuli, especially faces, than typically developing (TD) peers. Eye-tracking studies highlight these visual exploration differences, linked to difficulties in joint attention, emotion recognition, and theory of mind, as well as in executive and memory functions. Standard diagnostic tests often require active participation and sufficient language, which makes assessment challenging for children with ASD and additional cognitive or language impairments. This research project investigates how visual activity supports social cognition depending on cognitive and language levels, hypothesizing that eye-tracking can provide useful indicators for ASD screening and diagnosis.

Psoriasis Vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-activated skin disease. It is the most common type of psoriasis, accounting for approximately 85-90% of all psoriasis patients. Its clinical features include erythema, papules, covered with varying scales, a long course of disease, and recurrent attacks. According to traditional Chinese medicine, psoriasis is mainly characterized by blood heat syndrome, blood stasis syndrome and blood dryness syndrome, accounting for more than 90% of all syndrome types. The TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of psoriasis also attach great importance to the transformation and evolution of TCM syndrome types. For instance, the three syndrome types of blood heat syndrome, blood stasis syndrome and blood dryness syndrome are not static and can transform into each other. For example, blood heat syndrome can develop into blood dryness syndrome as the disease progresses, blood dryness syndrome can transform into blood stasis syndrome, and blood stasis syndrome can also transform into blood heat syndrome or blood dryness syndrome. Observation is an important diagnostic method in traditional Chinese medicine. The images of tongue and face diagnosis contain a lot of important clinical information. They can objectively reflect the prosperity and decline of qi and blood in the human body, the nature of diseases, the depth of the lesion location, the prognosis of the disease, and can also reflect the physiological and pathological changes of the body. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research of digital and intelligent technologies for tongue and facial diagnosis. Introducing objective indicators such as tongue diagnosis, facial diagnosis and pulse diagnosis into the evaluation research of diseases has become a hot topic. This project, by analyzing the clinical tongue and facial image data of patients with psoriasis vulgaris and combining it with clinical laboratory indicators, fuses and analyzes the characteristic parameters of patients' tongue and facial diagnosis with blood biochemical indicators, metabolomics and other data. This is helpful to reveal the disease occurrence pattern of patients with blood stasis type psoriasis and construct a diagnostic model for blood stasis syndrome of psoriasis. At the same time, it provides a powerful decision support tool for clinical practice and also helps deepen our understanding of the complex process of the occurrence of blood stasis type psoriasis, thereby providing a solid scientific basis for formulating precise diagnostic and treatment strategies.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn how artificial intelligence (AI) may help doctors make diagnoses in kidney medicine. The researchers want to know whether an AI tool called a large language model (LLM) can help doctors choose the correct diagnosis more often and feel more confident in their answers. Before starting the study, the research team tested several AI models and chose one of the best performers, a GPT-5-class model set to use high reasoning effort. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1. Do doctors make more correct diagnoses when they can see AI suggestions? 2. Does seeing AI suggestions change how confident doctors feel about their diagnosis? Researchers will compare doctors who receive AI suggestions with doctors who do not receive AI suggestions to see how the AI affects accuracy, confidence, and decision-making. Participants will complete up to 10 online clinical cases. For each case, they will: 1. Read a short medical scenario 2. Suggest up to three possible diagnoses (If in the AI group) Review the AI's suggestions and decide whether to change their answer The study will also look at how long participants take to answer each case and how the AI's performance compares to the human answers.

Gastric cancer remains a major public health concern, with approximately 6,600 new cases diagnosed each year in France. Despite therapeutic progress, its overall prognosis is still poor: the 5-year survival rate across all stages remains below 30%. This survival is closely linked to the stage at diagnosis. Early-stage gastric cancer has an excellent prognosis, with survival rates above 90%, while advanced-stage disease shows survival below 10%. This dramatic contrast underscores the critical need to develop and implement approaches that enable earlier and more reliable diagnosis. Early detection is therefore one of the most powerful strategies to reduce mortality from this severe and often silent disease. Within this context, the overall ambition of the NEOTOGAS project is to contribute to lowering gastric-cancer mortality by improving the ability to diagnose the disease at an early, more treatable stage. The project positions itself within the broader field of prevention, targeting one of the leading and most challenging public health issues. Gastric cancer is often a potentially fatal condition that typically develops over many years, most commonly as a consequence of chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Identifying precancerous gastric lesions before the appearance of invasive cancer thus represents a strategic priority for the healthcare system. Our central hypothesis is that a non-invasive, robot-assisted endoscopic approach using a magnetic-guided capsule-the NEOMOM system-will prove effective for detecting precancerous gastric lesions. If validated, this technology could form the foundation of an organized, large-scale screening program. Such a screening strategy would represent a major innovation, particularly in populations at higher risk due to H. pylori infection or other predispositions. The ability to offer a less invasive, more accessible examination could significantly increase screening adherence and facilitate earlier diagnosis. The NEOTOGAS study is based on an innovative combination of technologies: a magnetic-guided videocapsule steered inside the stomach using the NEOMOM robot, supported by artificial intelligence to assist image acquisition and interpretation. The study aims to assess the level of concordance between lesion detection through the current gold-standard procedure (conventional endoscopy) and this new capsule-based examination. Beyond diagnostic performance, the project also integrates several essential dimensions for future implementation: patient acceptability of the procedure, overall cost, duration of the examination, and the potential clinical and organizational benefits of this alternative approach. A key component of the project is the creation of high-quality image banks. These will support the development of advanced AI models capable of enhancing lesion detection and ensuring the completeness of the stomach examination. Such resources will be instrumental in evaluating whether magnetic-guided capsule endoscopy could realistically be integrated into structured gastric cancer screening pathways in the future. The project therefore aims not only to evaluate a device, but also to explore its broader screening potential and its capacity to transform clinical practice. The primary objective of the NEOTOGAS study is to rigorously assess the performance of this innovative medical device, which combines magnetic navigation with AI-assisted image interpretation, in detecting gastric lesions. The AI module plays a dual role: ensuring that the entire stomach is adequately explored and helping highlight images of interest for clinicians during analysis. By improving both completeness and accuracy, the technology could represent a significant advancement over existing non-invasive diagnostic tools. To achieve these goals, the study plans to include a total of 100 patients over a 6-month period. This sample size will allow a robust comparison of diagnostic concordance while providing sufficient data to evaluate feasibility, patient experience, and operational parameters. The findings of NEOTOGAS will determine whether magnetic-guided capsule endoscopy can be considered a relevant and effective method for future organized gastric cancer screening programs.

The ECHO93 study is a non-healthcare interventional study. Its aim is to evaluate the effect of introducing the echOpen probe into the management of patients referred to the Jean Verdier UDR, in terms of time to diagnosis. The study is divided into 3 phases: Phase 1: opening of the Rapid Diagnosis Unit (UDR) at Jean Verdier Hospital Phase 2: Opening of the Jean Verdier Hospital UDR, MSP Pantin, Dr TAYBALY's medical practice in Aulnay-sous-Bois, one month after the start of phase 1. Phase 3: Opening of the Jean Verdier Hospital Health Bus, one month after the start of phase 2.

Endometriosis is a frequent pathology with an estimated prevalence of 10% of women of childbearing age. There is no exact correspondence between the symptoms described by the patients and the severity of the lesions, which makes clinical diagnosis difficult. It therefore seems important to improve the complementary examinations available to make the diagnosis more precise and to better study the effectiveness of the treatments implemented. The clinical examination and per-surgical findings of patients with deep pelvic endometriosis show a clear decrease in the mobility of the pelvic organs in relation to each other, but few studies have looked at this mobility, which could however have an implication in explaining the pathophysiology of the disease and the symptomatology of the patients, as well as in the detection of lesions preoperatively. The persistence of hypo-mobility could also help to understand treatment failures.

The goal of this clinical trial is to promote lung cancer screening (LCS) uptake among Hispanic current and former smokers. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What barriers do current and former Hispanic smokers face in the identification and documentation of their smoking status? * How can digital delivery of an educational video promote LCS uptake among current and former Hispanic smokers? Participants will receive an educational video about lung cancer screening and complete brief, self-reported surveys afterwards.

The MRI-targeted biopsy for prostate cancer detection can be performed using one of two techniques: 1. Software-based fusion of MRI and ultrasound images (software fusion) or 2. Visually estimated MRI-informed (cognitive fusion) technique To date, there is a lack of adequately powered RCTs directly comparing the cognitive vs fusion targeted biopsy. This randomized study will directly compare the detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer following either the cognitive or the fusion targeted prostate biopsy in men with suspicious lesions noted on multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) of prostate.

The purpose of this study is to determine feasibility and safety of using an augmented reality system in patients undergoing MRI-Guided needle procedures.

This study aims to evaluate the role of stroke protocol in the early diagnosis and management of acute stroke and its effect on turnaround time (TAT) in emergency settings.

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in children, and an early diagnosis that improves outcomes is less likely in children who are treated in general Emergency Departments (EDs), that treat adults and children, compared to pediatric Emergency Departments. The study team, in collaboration with invested clinicians and expert partners, has developed a pediatric sepsis diagnostic safety toolkit that we will implement in a pediatric health system's transfer call center. Preparation for launch of the toolkit will include education throughout Children's Hospital Colorado (CHCO), with a focus on transfer center nurses and accepting CHCO physicians who will be partnering in delivering the toolkit. Usual avenues for clinical education will be used, including meetings, endorsement from clinical leaders, emails, and physical materials such as badge and pocket cards. Referring Emergency Department (ED) providers outside of CHCO will not receive education about the toolkit by design, since they are the recipients of the toolkit which is designed to disseminate sepsis diagnostic knowledge in real time to general EDs within existing transfer workflows. This research will test whether the toolkit improves early pediatric sepsis diagnosis in general EDs where most children receive their first critical hours of care.

This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in detecting neoplastic biliary obstruction.

Multiple pathogens can cause eye infection. In recent years, emerging and resurging viral infections represent an important public health problem. Many emerging viruses cause infectious diseases involving ophthalmic manifestations, including Mpox virus, Zika, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2. Broad and unbiased pathogen surveillance is essential, so we design this unbiased metagenomic sequencing based study to investigate the total infectome of eye infections. The study is historical and prospective in design.

Diagnosis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is challenging because the yield of imaging and tissue sampling is limited. Raman spectroscopy is an optical method based on the analysis of scattered monochromatic light. Raman spectroscopy is able to provide a molecular 'fingerprint' of the tissue to determine its type. The aim of this pilot study was to develop a methodology for in vivo Raman spectroscopy in bile ducts to improve the current diagnostic capabilities of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

In this study, the investigators will prospectively recruit 100,000 individuals, including gastric cancer patients who have not undergone any anti-tumor treatment and non-gastric cancer participants. The investigators will construct a diagnostic model for malignant tumors based on the combination of tongue imaging, tongue coating, saliva, gastric juice, and fecal multi-omics data (including metagenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.). Additionally, the study will explore the relationship between oral, gastric, and intestinal microbiota and the development of malignant tumors.

The aim of the diagnostic accuracy study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of probing depth before (PPD-1) and following (PPD-2) the removal of prothesis in identifying the presence of peri-implantitis and assess the factors influencing peri-implant probing.

Moesin deficiency was initially described in 7 male participants aged 4 to 69 years and is characterized by lymphopenia of the 3 lineages and moderate neutropenia. Genetically, 6 out of 7 participants had the same missense mutation in the moesin gene located on the X chromosome. The 7th patient has a mutation leading to the premature introduction of a STOP codon into the protein.Clinically the 7 participants with X-linked moesin-associated immunodeficiency all presented with recurrent bacterial infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal or urinary tracts, and some had severe varicella.Therapeutically, in the absence of a molecular diagnosis and due to his SCID-like phenotype, one patient was treated with geno-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation . The remaining are untreated or treated with immunoglobulin substitution and/or prophylactic antibiotics. Since this study, the moesin gene has been integrated into DNA chips used for the molecular diagnosis of immune deficiencies in several countries. Physicians in Canada, the United States, Japan, South Africa and Europe have contacted us with a total of 16 known participants to date. Because of their very low severe, uncontrolled CMV infection and the absence of treatment recommendations, two 2 American participants were treated with allogeneic transplantation with severe post-transplant complications (1), and one of the participants died as a result of the transplant. Management of XMAID participants therefore varies widely from country to country, depending on age at diagnosis and clinical picture. It ranges from no treatment treatment (associated with recurrent infections and skin manifestations), IgIv substitution and/or antibiotic prophylaxis antibiotic prophylaxis, with low toxicity and apparent efficacy, and allogeneic transplantation, with all the risks risks involved (graft-related toxicity, graft versus host, disease, rejection, risk of infection). The Investigators therefore feel it is important to review the diagnosis, clinical presentation and management of X-MAID participants. The study the investigator propose will enable to understand the presentation of X-MAID participants, establish guidelines and provide the best treatment for each patient according to his or her clinical picture

Globally, prostate cancer is the second most common malignant tumor and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. In China, there will be more than 125,000 new cases of prostate cancer in 2022, ranking sixth in the incidence of male cancers, causing about 56,000 deaths, ranking tenth among male malignancies. The gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is prostate biopsy. In the past, whether to initiate a biopsy procedure depended on the screening results of abnormal prostate cancer, namely, elevated serum PSA levels (\>4.0 ng/mL) and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE), but the low accuracy led to a large number of negative biopsy results, overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent tumors, causing many patients to undergo unnecessary biopsies, resulting in a large social burden. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in clinical practice due to its advantages of high soft tissue resolution, multi-plane, multi-sequence, multi-parameter imaging and no ionizing radiation. Studies have shown that multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), can help select patients for initial biopsy and improve the detection rate of biopsy. MRI plays a vital role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate lesions. However, prostate MRI examinations often show "same disease, different images" and "different diseases, same images". Benign prostate lesions can simulate the characteristics of malignant lesions to interfere with the image and the judgment of clinicians, resulting in misdiagnosis and mistreatment. For example, inflammation in the peripheral zone of the prostate, like tumors, appears as low signal on T2WI, and hyperplastic nodules in the transition zone may also appear as restricted diffusion on DWI like tumors. Therefore, the complementary addition of different parameter sequences and the comprehensive judgment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics are very important for accurate diagnosis. With the development of magnetic resonance technology, new imaging sequences continue to emerge, which can not only show the anatomical decomposition of the prostate more clearly, but also reflect the characteristics of the lesions from the pathological and physiological perspectives such as function, metabolism, and blood perfusion, and can better characterize prostate lesions. The purpose of this study is to study the routine and functional MR imaging data of patients with prostate lesions in our institution, use pathology as the gold standard, and use image processing software to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of body composition, imaging characteristics, peritumoral tissue characteristics, and lymph node characteristics, so as to achieve benign and malignant differentiation, pathological feature prediction, and prognosis evaluation, in order to better perform accurate diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and prognosis evaluation in patients with prostate lesions.

Prospective single centre non-randomised exploratory observational study to measure changes in tumour cellular redox status with 18F-FSPG PET in stage 3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and stage 3 and 4 head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) at baseline and during standard of care treatment, and to compare this with 18F-FDG PET/CT and RECIST 1.1 response at 12 weeks.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about antithrombotic regimens in Multiple myeloma patients. The main question it aims to answer is the efficacy of different types of thromboprophylaxis (antiplatelet agents, heparins, oral anticoagulants) in preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE).