Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

This study will compare two different sedation approaches used during gastroscopy, colonoscopy, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). One group will receive dexmedetomidine alone (opioid-free sedation), while the other group will receive dexmedetomidine combined with remifentanil (opioid-based sedation). The purpose of the study is to determine whether an opioid-free sedation approach can reduce opioid-related adverse symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, headache, and fatigue. The study will also evaluate quality of recovery, patient and healthcare staff satisfaction, hemodynamic effects, complications, and time to discharge after the procedure.

To investigate the effects of propofol vs. cyclopropofol and sufentanil vs. esketamine on intraoperative hypoxemia and hypotension in elderly patients undergoing ERCP, as well as the interaction between these two factors.

This study aims to investigate the impact of deep analgosedation versus endotracheal intubation general anesthesia on perioperative sedation related adverse events in elderly ERCP patients.