Infections, Bacterial

This observational, open-label, single arm, study is designed such that it may be implemented for any individual with a lab confirmed sporadic case of systemic anthrax disease treated with raxibacumab outside of the current United States Prescribing Information (USPI). Systemic anthrax cases may include inhalational, gastrointestinal and injectional anthrax, anthrax meningitis or bacteremia or cutaneous anthrax with systemic effects. This study is designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness (including course of illness and survival), safety profile and pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis of raxibacumab from patients who are treated with raxibacumab as part of their clinical care following exposure to B. anthracis. Study data, PK sample provision/collection and other investigational research will be collected prospectively to the extent possible at pre-specified time points. However, there is no reasonable way to identify prospectively the individuals likely to become eligible for participation in this study so most data in this study is anticipated to be collected retrospectively. Scavenged blood samples will be utilized where possible to maximize sample analyses and other investigational parameters. Therefore, both retrospective and prospective data collection are allowed in this protocol in order to maximize the amount of information obtained in subjects who have been administered raxibacumab. This field study will be the first opportunity to collect data on B. anthracis-exposed patients treated with raxibacumab, to better understand the clinical benefit and safety of the drug and to further inform patient care and treatment choices for management of anthrax.

This field study is designed such that it may be implemented for any individual with symptomatic inhalational anthrax who has been administered raxibacumab for treatment of anthrax following a mass exposure scenario. This study is designed to describe the clinical effectiveness (including course of illness and survival) and safety profile from patients who are treated with raxibacumab as part of their clinical care following exposure to B. anthracis. Study data and other investigational research will be collected prospectively to the extent possible at pre-specified time points. However, because of the logistical complexities that would likely accompany a mass anthrax event, most data in this study is anticipated to be collected retrospectively. During such a mass anthrax event, scavenged blood samples will be utilized where possible to maximize sample analyses and other investigational parameters. Therefore, both retrospective and prospective data collection are allowed in this protocol in order to maximize the amount of information obtained in subjects who have been administered raxibacumab. This field study will be the first opportunity to collect data on B. anthracis-exposed patients treated with raxibacumab, to better understand the clinical benefit and safety of the drug and to further inform patient care and treatment choices for management of anthrax.

This clinical trial is designed to evaluate if adding the Karius Spectrum™ plasma test to usual care diagnostic tests, compared to usual care testing alone, among immunocompromised participants presenting with suspected infection in the outpatient setting leads to faster infection diagnosis and treatment. Participants will give a blood sample one time to be used for the testing. Information about the participant's illness and any treatments within 30 days following enrollment will be recorded.

CRAB infections in ICUs are on the rise, leading to higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs due to resistance to most antibiotics, including carbapenems. The main resistance mechanisms include carbapenemases, efflux pumps, and changes in the bacterial cell wall. Current treatments include polymyxins (Colistin, Polymyxin B), which are effective but can lead to resistance, aminoglycosides (Amikacin, Gentamicin), which are limited by resistance, and tetracyclines (Tigecycline, Eravacycline), which are effective against CRAB. Fosfomycin is effective in combination treatments, and combination therapy (e.g., colistin with sulbactam, fosfomycin, or eravacycline) can enhance outcomes. Previous research shows promise for combination therapies, improving treatment efficacy and reducing mortality. New regimens are being studied to find optimal combinations. Individualized dosing is crucial, considering patient-specific factors like age, weight, and renal function. Adjustments depend on the infection site and comorbidities. Strict infection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are essential. ASPs focus on optimizing antibiotic use and reducing resistance through education and surveillance. Future directions include continued research for new drugs or combinations and strategies to overcome resistance and improve treatment efficacy. Study goals include achieving negative samples after 10 days of therapy, 30-day survival, discharge rates, reduced SOFA scores, and improved clinical and radiological findings. A randomized study will compare colistin combined with fosfomycin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and eravacycline. In summary, treating CRAB infections is complex, requiring combination therapy, individualized dosing, and strict infection control measures.

Pre-neutropenic fever (PNF) (fever following chemotherapy but before developing low white cells) and neutropenic fever (NF) (fever in the setting of low white cells) are very common after chemotherapy for acute leukemia, bone marrow transplantation or Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy. Often, there is no bacterial cause for fever found, and in the setting of a well patient with resolved fever, some studies have shown it to be safe to cease antibiotic therapy which was commenced at the onset of fever. This reduces the overall exposure to antibiotics, which can be beneficial to the patient (reduced risk of resistant bugs emerging, reduced serious side effects). However, some subgroups of high-risk patients have been underrepresented in these studies (in particular, those who have received a bone marrow transplant from a donor, those with longer duration of low white cells) and none have been performed in Australia, hence applying this data to our setting and patient groups is indirect and further data are needed. This study plans to recruit participants who have received chemotherapy for acute leukemia or a stem cell transplant (either their own cells or a donor's cells) or CAR T-cell therapy and perform a trial to compare early stopping of antibiotics (STOP arm) to the standard of care, which traditionally involves continuing antibiotics until the white cell count reaches above a specific threshold. The primary study outcome is duration of days free of antibiotics within 28 days of study allocation. The investigators will also observe for important clinical outcomes including rates of fever recurrence, bloodstream and other infections, intensive care admission and mortality. Patients will stay in hospital during this period, even in the setting of stopping antibiotics, and these antibiotics can be recommenced urgently according to the sepsis protocol if there is concern for infection.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GP-asPNA for in vivo treatment of severe antibiotic resistant bacterial keratitis.

The primary aim of the study is to determine the proportion of individuals receiving beta-lactam antibiotics at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust in whom drug concentration targets are achieved.