Injection

This study investigates the effect of cold spray and Buzzy devices on pain and fear experienced during penicillin injections. There are three groups: a cold spray and Buzzy device, and a control group. Penicillin injections are commonly used in clinical practice and can cause discomfort, pain, and fear, particularly in patients receiving intramuscular injections. Cold spray and Buzzy devices are non-pharmacological methods that can help reduce pain and fear by providing a cooling effect and vibration at the injection site. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the study groups, and their pain and fear levels during injection will be assessed using standardized measurement tools. The results of this study are expected to contribute to improving patient comfort and supporting the use of simple, non-invasive methods to reduce pain and fear during injections.

To observe and study the clinical effect of Huperzine A Injection on reducing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery

Diabetes is a chronic and broad-spectrum metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to relative or absolute insulin deficiency or "insulin resistance" developed against insulin action in peripheral tissues, affecting many organs and causing multisystem involvement. Metabolic function continues to deteriorate after diagnosis, leading to worsening glycemic control and insulin therapy becoming necessary. However, patients may have difficulty adhering to insulin therapy. Fears about injections are common in both adults and children and, as research shows, are a major reason why people with diabetes avoid taking insulin. Addressing these fears is an important part of helping patients reduce their risk of diabetes-related complications. Helping patients manage their replacement pain may help reduce the effects of needle fear in the future. There are a number of strategies that can ease the pain.The use of music in pain management has advantages such as being reliable, cheap, and having no side effects, as well as reducing postoperative pain reports. Music distracts the individual from negative stimuli and allows them to focus on something they enjoy, thus reducing pain and anxiety. Music therapy has also been shown to have sedative-protective effects and reduce stress hormone levels. Listening to preferred music can distract and reduce the pain and negative emotions associated with an unpleasant experience.