MRI

Single-center, cross-sectional observational study assessing the feasibility of advanced accelerated MRI sequences versus standard ones in terms of image quality, diagnostic reliability, and acquisition time.

Today, in the event of a knee sprain with suspected cruciate ligament damage, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is generally prescribed to confirm or refute the diagnosis and assess its severity. Once the MRI has been performed, the patient's care is organized by the doctor of his or her choice, depending on the diagnosis. Previous studies have shown that Automated Dynamic Laximetry (ADL) performs identically to MRI in helping to diagnose a knee sprain as a complementary examination and in assessing its severity. Performing LDA at the start of the patient's care pathway, i.e. immediately after the emergency room visit for a suspected severe sprain, could bring significant benefits by shortening the diagnostic confirmation time and consequently the immobilization period, and by reducing the cost of care compared with the conventional MRI-based care pathway. The new LDA-based care pathway would enable MRI to be reserved for very specific cases, such as the scheduling of surgery for suspected meniscus or osteochondral lesions, as currently recommended by the HAS.

CLUE is a prospective study to assess structural and functional changes of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve, as well as the inflammatory environment in patients with neuroinflammatory and demyelinating diseases. Participants will receive magnetic resonance (MR) techniques including DIR, DKI, QSM, Rs-fMRI, conventional sequences (T1WI/T2WI/FLAIR), and the MR metabolic SPICE sequence, and will be followed up for one year using 3T MRI. In addition, participants will receive a one-time baseline examination including T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, and SWI sequences on 7T MRI, as well as PET-MRI.

Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is mainly used to treat mood disorders by addressing differences in brain function, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which affects emotions and executive functions. The therapy aims to enhance the left DLPFC or suppress the right. It has been approved for severe major depression in several countries (Canada and Israel since 2002, USA since 2008) and is in the process of being validated in Europe but is not yet reimbursed in France. due to variable results from one study to another and lack of standardization issues. In a previous study, by recording electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms before and after rTMS treatment of the DLPFC, the investigators showed on a small cohort of patients (n=17) with major or bipolar depression, that the responder patients showed higher EEG theta rhythms in the DLPFC but also and especially in parietal regions. This suggests that the DLPFC is part of the fronto-parietal central executive network (CEN), which is important for working memory and cognitive control. The CEN is not well connected in severe resistant depression, possibly leading to negative emotional bias. The rTMS cure of DLPFC can be interpreted as improving depressive symptoms through the normalization of the CEN by increasing DLPFC excitability and its downward connectivity. However experimental and clinical evidence for this mechanism, among others, is still to be demonstrated, and remission rates of rTMS from DLPFC in drug-resistant depression are still low (20-40%). To improve these response rates to rTMS in DLPFC, it is essential to continue research aimed at improving clinical practices through a better knowledge of the functional neuroanatomy and mechanisms of action of rTMS. This will require the definition of biomarkers allowing in particular to better target the DLPFC, this structure beeing indeed relatively poorly defined on the neuroanatomical level (large portion of the medial frontal gyrus). To this end, the investigators have set up a collaborative research program with Dr. Corey Keller, psychiatrist at Stanford University USA, which was jointly funded in 2022 by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) - FrontalProbe project "Probing the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and central executive network for improving neuromodulation in depression". The ultimate aim of this project is to develop and test different strategies for targeting the DLPFC in the rTMS treatment of pharmaco-resistant depressive patients, following the fundamental neuroanatomical and pathophysiological hypothesis that patients will respond better to therapy if their CEN network is better modulated. This clinical trial will take place in Stanford, USA, in the years 2025-2026. Previously, the investigators are working on the development of methodological strategies aimed at preferentially activating, in a personalized way, the part of the DLPFC that projects onto the PPC. This is the subject of the present protocol, which aims to identify this subpart of the DLPFC to be targeted as a priority for modulating the CEN, through neuroanatomical measurements with high-field MRI and cortical excitability by TMS-EEG in healthy subjects. To this end, the investigators will use a small cohort of healthy subjects who will have one multimodal MRI acquisition session of at 7T and one TMS-EEG session. The 7T MRI data, acquired at the Centre de Résonance Magnétique en Biologie et Médecine (CRMBM), will be used to obtain anatomical markers of the DLPFC. TMS-EEG data, acquired at the Institut de Neurosciences de Systèmes (INS), will be used for cortical excitability measurements of the DLPFC and its projection sites, notably the PPC. At this stage, no data exchange is planned with our American partners. Firstly, the processing of MRI data will include segmentation of gray and white matter, reconstruction of the cortical surface and estimation of the different cortical layers, mainly by monitoring variations in the T1 parameter along the cortical mantle. Other MRI parameters will also be acquired to maximize the specificity of the segmentation of the DLPFC into sub-regions, firstly by identifying the part of the DLPFC that connects preferentially to the PPC using the reconstruction of fiber bundles from diffusion MRI and functional resting MRI. Secondly, during TMS-EEG acquisitions, participants will be stimulated in 3 sub-regions of the DLPFC. For each target, the analyses of the EEG data will focus on quantifying connectivity with the PPC as well as their spectral signature, which is possibly an indirect reflection of the neuronal composition of the stimulated regions. Correlation of 7T MRI and TMS-EEG data will help set optimal DLPFC targeting criteria for PPC activation. The aim is to create an MRI-based targeting procedure for clinical practice. In this sense, TMS-EEG will serve as validation of MRI markers.

Rectal cancer presents a significant global health challenge. Despite improvements in clinical outcomes, significant disparities persist across Europe. These differences are explained not only by the heterogeneity of risk factors and screening strategies, but also by variations in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, which are highly dependent on medical imaging. Standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer based on staging MRI is neoadjuvant treatment (NAT), for tumour downsizing and downstaging, followed by total mesorectal excision. In a significant proportion of cases, radical surgery leads to substantial long-term complications like sexual and urinary dysfunction, fecal incontinence, and impairment in daily activities. Given that up to 42% of patients show complete tumor regression at pathology (i.e. pathological complete response pCR), to avoid unnecessary radical surgery, non-operative management has become an attractive alternative when there are no signs of viable tumour after NAT (i.e. clinical complete response cCR). Such patients are candidates for Watch-and-Wait (W\&W), an established active surveillance policy in specialized centers worldwide relying on clinical examination, endoscopy and MRI. On the other hand, W\&W carries a risk of local regrowth (persistence of microscopic residual disease despite apparent cCR). Even in expert hands, assessment of tumor response is not perfect and local regrowth based on current selection methods occurs in \~30% of cases. Although deferred surgery is a successful treatment with no apparent negative impact on local disease control, an increased rate of distant metastases has been recently reported. Therefore, there is a critical unmet clinical need to detect complete responses after NAT and avoid unnecessary surgery with its associated morbidity and quality of life impairment risks, while also improving sensitivity for residual microscopic disease that will result in local regrowth and associated reduced disease-free survival. Rectal cancer poses a burden not only on healthcare systems, but also on patient well-being. Patients frequently suffer from feelings of isolation and helplessness when faced with unpredicted disease-related situations, given the common difficulties to access high quality information and communicate with attending physicians. As such, there is a clear need to unburden healthcare facilities from unnecessary hospital visits, while improving patient outcomes, engagement, support and care.

The aim of this study is to learn whether using MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans to plan radiotherapy is better than using CT (computed tomography) scans alone. The main questions it aims to answer is: * Can MRI scan images be adjusted to make the tumour and normal tissues easier to see? * Does adding MRI to a radiotherapy planning CT make the radiotherapy plan more precise? * Can MRI be used to adjust a radiotherapy plan during a course of treatment to make it more precise, and might that reduce the side effects? * Are there particular MRI scans that can predict how a tumour will respond to radiotherapy or how likely the patient is to have side effects? This study will assess current MRI scanning procedures and ensure these are adjusted to best suit radiotherapy planning. It will also provide pilot data evaluating: 1. MRI-adapted radiotherapy Usually, radiotherapy plans are based on a pre-treatment planning CT scan. Unless an issue is detected the patient would complete their whole course of radiotherapy on this plan. This does not account for changes in position/size/shape of the tumour that occur over the whole treatment course. Clinicians therefore increase the size of the tumour/target to account for these uncertainties, which can increase side effects. This study will assess the potential to reduce side effects from radiotherapy by using repeat MRI scans and replanning during the treatment course (MRI-adaptive radiotherapy). 2. Imaging biomarkers MRI sequences can be used to predict response to radiotherapy or chance of developing side effects. This study will identify potential MRI sequences that may be used as imaging biomarkers, to guide the development of future clinical trials. The study will be undertaken at SBUHB, lasting 4 years, and involving ≤15 healthy volunteers and ≤150 patients.

The aim of the present study is to show that the use of 0.55T MRI combined with a "dental" coil produces images of sufficient diagnostic value to assess areas of interest in dentistry, and to compare MR images to traditional, dental-oriented radiographic images for diagnostic purposes.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious worldwide public health concern, causing increased disability-adjusted life years (DALY), the reasons of which include rising prevalence of obesity and increasing older populations. The knee is one of the most easily injured joint in the body, and knee OA can become a chronic and disabling condition that pose a threat to not only the patient but also his or her caretakers and healthcare resources. The prevalence of knee OA is 5% - 15% in men over 60 years, and 10% - 25% in women aged more than 60. Knee OA can result from injuries, diseases, or wear and tear from overuse. It refers to structural changes that affect subchondral bone, articular cartilage, menisci, ligaments, synovium, and other joint structures. Currently, there are several conservative management of knee OA, including physiotherapy (therapeutic exercise, diathermy, electrotherapy), oral or topical medications, intra-articular and extra-articular injections, and radiofrequency. There are various substances used in injections for knee OA, among which are corticosteroid, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), AmnioFix, exosome, dextrose, and hyaluronic acid (HA). Compared with PRP, AmnioFix, exosome, and HA, which are not covered by the health insurance system, dextrose is a readily available and cost-effective substance. The principle of hypertonic dextrose injection, "prolotherapy", is injection of small volumes of the irritant solution at or around the lesion in order to stimulate fibroblast and vascular proliferation, local tissue healing, reduction of joint instability, thus resulting in pain relief. Previous studies have demonstrated that prolotherapy resulted in clinically meaningful sustained improvement of function and pain in knee OA, and there were no severe adverse events related to hypertonic dextrose injection. A study in 2023 showed that among various dextrose concentrations, higher concentrations demonstrated greater improvement of knee OA, thus 20% dextrose is recommended. Regarding the site of dextrose injection in knee OA, previous studies demonstrated comparable effects of intra-articular and extra-articular injections. The periarticular injections include points around the knee where periarticular nerves exit the joint capsule, and acupuncture points at upper medial and lateral parts of knee joint. A study in 2024 revealed that prolotherapy combining intra-articular with peri-articular perineural injection resulted in better pain alleviation and improvement in knee joint function in knee OA. There are several choices of imaging modality for recognizing the sites of lesion in knee OA, such as X-ray, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Radiography is used to assess osteophytes, joint space narrowing, and subchondral sclerosis, but it has limited ability to detect synovial inflammation, joint effusion, soft tissue abnormalities, and early cartilage damage. US can be used to evaluate synovial fluid and cartilage thickness, but not deep structures (e.g. subchondral bone change, meniscus tear, and ACL tear, etc.). On the other hand, MRI is an optimal and accurate imaging choice for visualizing soft tissue as well as deep structures (e.g. ACL, meniscus, etc) in knee OA. The MRI findings of knee OA includes cartilage damage, meniscus tear, bone marrow lesions, synovitis, ligamentous laxity, and osteophytes. The detection of bony lesions can aid intraosseous Infiltrations, and signs of ligamentous laxity also provides target for ligaments injection. However, there is no current evidence on the effectiveness of prolotherapy targeting knee OA lesion sites according to MRI findings. Because the effectiveness of prolotherapy targeting lesion sites according to MRI findings has not been well established, the investigators aim to investigate whether injecting dextrose into MRI-positive lesion sites is more beneficial for knee OA comparing to intra-articular injections. The investigators hypothesize that MRI could be a good choice for the guidance of prolotherapy targets.

This study aims to investigate the chronic effects of ETAS® on cognitive, affective and neural outcomes in healthy adults aged 60-80 years with mild to moderate subjective cognitive complaints.

The goal of this interventional study (clinical trial) is to learn if different breath-holding techniques, with and without extra oxygen, can improve the quality of abdominal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images in healthy adults, ages 18-75. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does breath-holding at end-expiration improve image quality in abdominal MRI scans? * Does adding oxygen while breath-holding further reduce motion artifacts in abdominal MRI scans? Researchers will compare breath-holding with and without oxygen to see if using oxygen improves image quality during MRI scans. Participants will: * Be pre-screened for MRI safety and trained on breath-hold procedures * Have one non-contrast abdominal MRI scan at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) China Basin Imaging Center * Use two different breath-holding techniques during the scan, with and without oxygen * Complete one study visit lasting about 45 minutes to 1 hour

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. The demand for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose and manage prostate cancer is continually growing. There is, however, a severe global shortage of radiologists who review and make decisions on prostate scans. This shortage causes compromises that are inefficient and negatively affect care provision, patient outcomes, and patient experiences. Two key examples of these compromises are that every patient receives a gadolinium contrast injection during a prostate MRI scan and patients often require multiple imaging appointments. If radiologists' knowledge of making prostate MRI decisions around these compromises could be harnessed and passed to radiographers (who are trained to acquire the MRIs but currently do not review them) with a computerised system to support clinical decision-making, this would have enormous potential to improve the diagnosing and managing prostate cancer.

The research study is being conducted to better understand the effects of ketones and alcohol on brain functioning and brain metabolism. Participants will be asked to undergo three identical MRI visits after three single-dose interventions: (1) drink a ketone supplement drink, (2) drink an alcoholic beverage, (3) no intervention. These interventions will be randomly assigned (meaning everyone receives all 3 interventions, but in different orders).

The purpose of this clinical study is to perform phosphorus nucleus (31P) and sodium nucleus (23Na) imaging of the liver in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and healthy volunteers using the MR 7700 Magnetic Resonance Equipment, in order to explore the manifestations of multinuclear imaging in HCC patients and healthy volunteers.

Claustrophobia, an intense fear of confined spaces, can significantly impair the success of MRI examinations by causing patient movement or early termination of the scan, leading to poor image quality. Cardiac coherence, a breathing technique aimed at synchronizing heart rate and reducing anxiety, has shown benefits in stress management. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether the use of a guided cardiac coherence exercise during MRI can improve exam success rates and image quality in self-reported claustrophobic patients compared to standard care (cartoons for children, music for adults). The primary outcome is the proportion of interpretable MRI scans with good-quality images, assessed blindly by a radiologist. Secondary outcomes include exam duration, use of the emergency call button, patient satisfaction, and perceived comfort. A total of 220 patients aged 7 years and older will be enrolled over 12 months at the Fondation Adolphe de Rothschild Hospital.

DETECT-HCC-ESLD is a prospective multicenter study designed to examine early detection and risk stratification of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in individuals with advanced liver disease. Adults with cirrhosis of different etiologies are enrolled and followed longitudinally with structured clinical assessments and imaging at predefined intervals. A key objective is to evaluate ultrasound and abbreviated MRI (AMRI) as surveillance modalities for HCC. The study examines detection performance, feasibility, and factors influencing image quality and interpretability. The protocol also includes the study of body composition, focusing on how variations in adiposity and muscle mass may relate to imaging characteristics, disease progression, and HCC risk. Longitudinal clinical and imaging data are used to explore prediction models aimed at identifying patients with differing levels of HCC risk. The study records outcomes such as incident HCC, liver-related complications, and mortality to support analyses of disease trajectories. The DETECT-HCC-ESLD study provides a structured framework for collecting clinical, imaging, and body composition data over time, enabling detailed evaluation of surveillance strategies and risk patterns in advanced liver disease.

In our previous study, based on the multi-center clinical big data collected from January 2012 to January 2025, we have completed the construction of a multimodal early warning model for the malignant transformation of uterine fibroids. The model was mainly based on T2WI and DWI sequences, and was trained and optimized by support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. In the retrospective study and internal validation, the model shows high sensitivity and specificity, which preliminarily proves that it has good application potential in identifying high-risk groups and predicting the risk of malignant transformation of uterine fibroids. However, there are still some limitations in retrospective studies and internal validation results, and its application value, universality and stability in real clinical environment have not been fully verified. Therefore, we plan to conduct a prospective validation study in consecutive patients enrolled after January 2025 to evaluate the clinical performance and generalization of the model in predicting the malignant tendency or risk of malignant transformation of uterine fibroids through practical application in the real population, and further analyze the operability in the actual diagnosis and treatment process and the potential value for patient management. This study will provide reliable evidence for early screening, follow-up management and individualized treatment of high-risk population, and has important clinical and public health significance for improving the early diagnosis rate, reducing the risk of malignant transformation and improving the prognosis of patients with uterine fibroids.

The aim of this study is to assess role of MRI in detecting synovial, cartilaginous , osseous abnormalities ، bleeding inside knee joint and to use a system for assessing HA as support for therapeutic regimes and for monitoring response to therapy .

Children frequently exhibit pre-MRI anxiety that can cause motion, repeated sequences, prolonged room time, and exposure to sedation. Orientation with Virtual Reality (VR) may reduce anxiety by familiarizing children with the scanner environment and expected sensations. This single-center, three-arm randomized clinical trial evaluates whether (1) Home+Booster VR (an age-appropriate 360° VR module at home \~24-48 hours before MRI plus a brief on-site refresher immediately before positioning), (2) Pre-Scan VR only (same module viewed on site immediately before positioning), or (3) Usual Care without VR improves MRI image quality and tolerance in children undergoing their first-ever MRI. Eligible participants are children scheduled for clinically indicated, non-emergent MRI with no prior MRI experience. Major exclusions comprise MRI contraindications; contraindications to VR use (e.g., uncontrolled epilepsy or severe motion sickness); uncorrected severe visual/hearing impairment precluding VR viewing; and inability to provide assent/consent. After consent/assent, participants are randomized 1:1:1 to one of three arms. Anticipated enrollment is \~150 total (\~50 per arm; up to 60 per arm if feasible). All arms receive routine safety procedures and child-oriented coaching per institutional practice. The VR module (\~8-10 minutes) provides a 360° walkthrough of the MRI process (sounds, positioning, keeping still) with child-focused narration. Adherence (timestamps/duration) is recorded where applicable. The primary outcome is motion artifact rated on a predefined ordinal scale by a board-certified radiologist masked to allocation; the proportion achieving diagnostic quality without repeat/sedation is also reported. Key secondary outcomes include sedation requirement, number of repeated sequences, total scan room time, scan completion without interruption, and change in child anxiety (mYPAS-SF). Additional prespecified measures include comfort/calmness Likert scales, Wong-Baker FACES pain, CEMS during scan, parent state anxiety, satisfaction VAS, physiologic vitals (heart rate, blood pressure, SpO₂) at defined peri-scan time points, observed crying and movement durations, and total scan duration. The trial uses parallel assignment with allocation concealment and masked outcome assessment. Analyses follow intention-to-treat with prespecified subgroup exploration by age bands (5-7 vs 8-10). Recruitment is planned for October 6, 2025; primary completion is expected within approximately three months.

This is a phase 1 study to determine the feasibility and utility of using serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess treatment response during and after radiation therapy (standard of care cancer treatment) for participants with advanced esophageal cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer, vulvar cancer or pediatric glioma. The research study procedures include three MRI scans (one before, one during, and one after standard of care cancer radiation therapy) for participants with advanced esophageal cancer, glioblastoma, prostate cancer, vulvar cancer or pediatric glioma. The research study procedures include: * Screening for eligibility * Three MRI scans

Several centers in Belgium use both transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the preoperative diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE), while other centers rely almost exclusively on TVS. From the perspective of both the patient and the endometriosis care team, it is not primarily important that every individual lesion is mapped perfectly preoperatively, but rather that all lesions impacting clinical management and surgical planning are accurately detected. This is particularly crucial when a multidisciplinary approach is required, involving a urologist for bladder lesions and/or an abdominal surgeon for invasive rectosigmoid lesions. Moreover, providing the patient with thorough preoperative counseling is essential, and this is, of course, determined by the preoperative findings and the type of planned surgical procedure. In this study, we first assess the diagnostic performance of TVS in the preoperative diagnosis of DIE. As a secondary objective, we evaluate the added value of MRI compared to TVS for preoperative surgical planning in patients who also underwent an MRI examination.

Globally, prostate cancer is the second most common malignant tumor and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. In China, there will be more than 125,000 new cases of prostate cancer in 2022, ranking sixth in the incidence of male cancers, causing about 56,000 deaths, ranking tenth among male malignancies. The gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is prostate biopsy. In the past, whether to initiate a biopsy procedure depended on the screening results of abnormal prostate cancer, namely, elevated serum PSA levels (\>4.0 ng/mL) and abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE), but the low accuracy led to a large number of negative biopsy results, overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent tumors, causing many patients to undergo unnecessary biopsies, resulting in a large social burden. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in clinical practice due to its advantages of high soft tissue resolution, multi-plane, multi-sequence, multi-parameter imaging and no ionizing radiation. Studies have shown that multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), including T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), can help select patients for initial biopsy and improve the detection rate of biopsy. MRI plays a vital role in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate lesions. However, prostate MRI examinations often show "same disease, different images" and "different diseases, same images". Benign prostate lesions can simulate the characteristics of malignant lesions to interfere with the image and the judgment of clinicians, resulting in misdiagnosis and mistreatment. For example, inflammation in the peripheral zone of the prostate, like tumors, appears as low signal on T2WI, and hyperplastic nodules in the transition zone may also appear as restricted diffusion on DWI like tumors. Therefore, the complementary addition of different parameter sequences and the comprehensive judgment of qualitative and quantitative characteristics are very important for accurate diagnosis. With the development of magnetic resonance technology, new imaging sequences continue to emerge, which can not only show the anatomical decomposition of the prostate more clearly, but also reflect the characteristics of the lesions from the pathological and physiological perspectives such as function, metabolism, and blood perfusion, and can better characterize prostate lesions. The purpose of this study is to study the routine and functional MR imaging data of patients with prostate lesions in our institution, use pathology as the gold standard, and use image processing software to conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis of body composition, imaging characteristics, peritumoral tissue characteristics, and lymph node characteristics, so as to achieve benign and malignant differentiation, pathological feature prediction, and prognosis evaluation, in order to better perform accurate diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and prognosis evaluation in patients with prostate lesions.

Rationale: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. The effect of DBS relies on the modulation of dysfunctional motor brain networks and on average 50% motor improvement is achieved, using standardized motor evaluation scores. However, approximately 20% of treated patients show insufficient benefit, with less than 30% improvement. To improve outcomes through better electrode placement and selection of DBS electrical parameter programming, more advanced visualization of motor networks is needed; both anatomical (7-Tesla MRI) and functional (magnetoencephalography, MEG). Current DBS implantations are based on 1.5- or 3- Tesla MR scans. The resolution of these scans is not sufficient to visualize brain networks, preventing electrode placement directed at motor parts within the brain nucleus. In addition to the 7-Tesla MRI guided electrode placement, by applying MEG, programming will be directed at influencing the cortical motor areas, resulting in an overall decrease in dysfunctional network activity. Objective: Primary objective of the study is to determine whether brain network visualization using 7T MRI and MEG improves motor symptoms as measured by the disease-specific Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III) and Tremor Assessment Rating Scale (TETRAS); and quality of life as measured by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ-39). Secondary outcomes are: disease related daily functioning, adverse effects, operation time, quality of life (QUEST), patient satisfaction with treatment outcome and patient evaluation of treatment burden. Study design: Single-center, prospective study with repeated measures; standardized assessments of motor skills and quality of life (UPDRS-III, TETRAS, PDQ-39) after DBS placement will be compared with scores after adjustments based on network analyses. Study population: Enrollment will be ongoing from April 2024. Intervention (if applicable): Patients with DBS for a minimum of six months will undergo an additional MEG scan. Application of 7T MRI for DBS is standard care and outcome scores used will be readily accessible from the already existing advanced electronic DBS database. Main study parameters/endpoints: The co-primary outcome measures are the change in motor symptoms (measured by the UPDRS-III,TETRAS) and quality of life (measured by the PDQ-39). This is measured as part of standard care. The secondary outcome measures are the Amsterdam Linear Disability Score for functional health status, Starkstein apathy scale, Quality of Life Questionnaire in Essential Tremor (QUEST), patient satisfaction with the treatment, patient evaluation of treatment burden, operating time, hospitalization time, change of tremor medication, side effects and complications. The primary and secondary outcome scores are already stored in our advanced electronic DBS database. Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: The 7-Tesla MRI and MEG protocols (including stimulation parameters) already developed by our group and reported in (five) studies will be applied. After selecting the best DBS programming, the aim is to optimize DBS outcome by: a) increasing the mean improvement in motor function and quality of life by at least 10% and b) achieving a minimum of 30% improvement in motor function for each patient (measured by standardized assessment of motor function and quality of life). The proposed research project involves treatment options that are non-invasive and/or part of standard care in daily practice. The therapies will not be combined with other research products. Participation in this study constitutes negligible risk according to NFU criteria for human research.

This clinical trial study aims to detect the imaging characteristics of patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) using 7-Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of the anesthetic agents sevoflurane or propofol on the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the kidneys. Pediatric patients who are planned to undergo an MRI scan with generalized anesthesia will be randomized to either IV anesthesia with propofol or inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane. Both of these anesthetic methods are commonly used for anesthesia on an everyday basis. In addition to the clinically indicated MRI, Multiparametric MRI will be performed to visualize the effect of the anesthetic agent on renal blood flow, perfusion and oxygenation.

Medically intractable tremors are a common difficult clinical situation. Deep brain stimulation decreases Parkinson's disease tremor and essential tremor, but not all patients are candidates from a diagnostic, medical, or social standpoint, prompting the need for alternative surgical strategies. Less invasive lesional brain surgery (thalamotomy) procedures by radio-surgery or MRI-guided focused ultrasound have emerged and have proven to be effective in these third-line indications. Recently, a new technology has emerged allowing the performance of minimally invasive lesion surgeries by MRI-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (MRIg-LITT). MRIg-LITT has been shown to be effective and safe in management of epilepsies and brain tumors. However, no study has evaluated MRIg-LITT for performing thalamotomy in medically intractable tremor.In a pilot study, the investigators propose to evaluate the effect and safety of unilateral thalamotomy by MRIg-LITT in the management of medically intractable tremor of parkinsonian or essential origin.