Pediatric Urology

The purpose of this study is to determine if non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) use in the postoperative setting increases the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). The investigators hypothesize that there is no increased risk. This is currently in the process of developing multi institution collaboration within a Pediatric Urology population, intended to inform future work in a larger patient population.

The goal of this interventional diagnostic clinical trial is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic effectiveness of PIC cystography and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) for the detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children undergoing endoscopic procedures, including those who previously underwent VCUG for urinary tract infection (UTI) or other indications, as well as children who did not require VCUG. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does PIC cystography detect VUR at a rate comparable to VCUG? How well do PIC cystography and VCUG correlate in identifying low-grade versus high-grade VUR? Researchers will compare PIC cystography findings with prior VCUG results to determine agreement between the two diagnostic methods and their ability to detect clinically relevant reflux. Participants will: Undergo PIC cystography performed during endoscopic surgery Have contrast instilled near each ureteral orifice under fluoroscopic monitoring Be evaluated for the presence and grade of vesicoureteral reflux