Perioperative Complication

Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy may lead to perioperative atelectasis due to pneumoperitoneum-related diaphragmatic elevation and impaired respiratory mechanics. Lung ultrasound (LUS) provides a noninvasive bedside method for evaluating perioperative aeration loss. This prospective randomized controlled study aims to compare the effects of low-pressure (10 mmHg) and standard-pressure (14 mmHg) pneumoperitoneum on perioperative atelectasis assessed by LUS in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Changes in LUS scores, respiratory mechanics, oxygenation, and postoperative clinical outcomes will also be evaluated.

Neoadjuvant radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of locally advanced colorectal cancer. Although radiation therapy is extremely important in reducing the tumor mass, downstaging, and therefore providing conditions for curative surgery, neoadjuvant therapy can increase the risk of perioperative complications, which can lead to slower patient recovery, greater perioperative morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and increased treatment costs. The aim of the study is to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of perioperative complications after radical colorectal cancer surgery between patients who received neoadjuvant radiotherapy and those patients who did not undergo neoadjuvant radiation. Data is collected from the medical documentation and information system of the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina. Demographic characteristics of patients, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, length of treatment in the intensive care unit, occurrence of complications in the perioperative period, as well as data on neoadjuvant therapy are analyzed. All included patients are of similar general condition, as determined by the CFS (Clinical Frailty Scale). Intraoperative complications are graded using the ClassIntra classification of intraoperative adverse events, and the presence of postoperative adverse events are assessed and classified using the Clavien-Dindo classification of postoperative complications and the HARM (HospitAl stay, Readmission, Mortality rate) score.

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effects of the Hypotension Prediction Index (HPI) on the degree of intraoperative hypotension in patients undergoing free flap surgery. The hypothesis is that implementation of the HPI algorithm will reduce the time-weighted average (TWA) intraoperative hypotension below a threshold of 65 mmHg (16), and to reveal the relationship between the episodes of hypotension and free flap viability and function.

Patients who are being scheduled for an operative procedure with an inpatient postoperative stay are eligible for this study. Participants will be selected to start a physical fitness plan or a nutrition plan at the time of surgical scheduling. Each participant will be asked to continue their current lifestyle for two days after their pre-operative appointment to get a baseline of activity (by pedometer and functional tests) and nutritional risk (by questionnaire). After two days, patients in the activity group will start their activity plans. They will be encouraged to get 10,000 steps per day and to perform whole body strength training exercises 3 times a week. Five days before and after surgery, participants in the nutrition group will be asked to consume a standard liquid nutrition supplement (i.e. Boost or Ensure) two times per day. Participants in the activity group will record steps and number of strength training sessions completed, while patients in the nutrition group will record the number of supplements consumed.

Over 300 million surgeries are performed globally every year. Complications after surgery - infections, cardiovascular conditions, postoperative pulmonary complications and renal impairment - affect survival and quality of life. Age and co-morbidity are unmodifiable factors, contributing to increased risk of these perioperative complications. However, a modifiable risk factor is physical activity. This study aims to test if self reported physical activity is associated to lower risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Perioperative myocardial injury and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) are common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients at increased cardiovascular risk undergoing non-cardiac surgery. However, research in recent years has yielded limited preventive and therapeutic measures for myocardial injury/MACE. Recent studies in patients with chronic and acute coronary artery disease have shown that colchicine administration can reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. These encouraging results in non-surgical patients ask for a similar investigation in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery. The aim of the proposed study is to investigate the effects of perioperative colchicine administration on the incidence of myocardial injury/MACE.

PENGUIN is a pragmatic multi-center trial investigating the effects of pre-operative mouthwash and perioperative oxygen on the incidences of pneumonia and surgical site infection (SSI) following major abdominal surgery. Patients will be recruited from low and middle income countries and randomly assigned to a trial treatment arms: a) pre-operative chlorhexidine mouthwash and 80-100% FiO2; b) no pre-operative mouthwash and 80-100% fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2); c) pre-operative chlorhexidine mouthwash and 21- 30% FiO2; or d) no pre-operative mouthwash and 21-30% FiO2.

The Post discharge after surgery Virtual Care with Remote Automated Monitoring technology-2 (PVC-RAM-2) Trial is a multicentre, parallel group, superiority, randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of virtual care with remote automated monitoring (RAM) technology compared to standard care on acute-hospital care during the 45-day follow up after randomization, in adults who have undergone semi-urgent (e.g., oncology), urgent (e.g., hip fracture), or emergency (e.g., ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm) surgery. Secondary outcomes at 45 days after randomization include 1) days in hospital; 2) index length of hospital stay; 3) hospital re-admission; 4) emergency department visit; 5) medication error detection; 6) medication error correction; and 7) surgical site infection. Additional secondary outcomes are pain of any severity, and moderate-to-severe pain assessed at 15 and 45 days. We will also assess optimal management of long-term health by evaluating among self-reported current smokers and those with atherosclerotic disease, whether patients are taking classes of efficacious medications at 45 days post randomization.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) are developed to provide a systematic structure for managing postsurgical patients.These protocols promote evidenced-based practices and implement a multidisciplinary effort to maintain normal physiology in the perioperative period and aid in earlier recovery. The present study aims to investigate the feasibility of and compliance to a structured ERAS protocol among Gynecological Oncological Centers in Greece as well as to compare the outcomes among patients that fullfilled the minimum number of necessary criteria, compared to those that were enrolled in ERAS protocols but did not meet the sufficient necessary criteria.

The aim of the study is to further understand whether the use of non-invasive monitoring NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) is useful in reducing postoperative complications in high-risk patients undergoing elective surgery.

Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is the current standard perioperative treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, this regimen has multiple side effects and shows variable efficacy among individuals. In China, adjunctive traditional Chinese medicine is widely accepted by lung cancer patients. Modified Si Jun Zi Tang, a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine, is known for its benefits in unifying and strengthening the spleen. This study aims to evaluate whether the addition of Modified Si Jun Zi Tang to chemotherapy and immunotherapy during the neoadjuvant phase can improve the R0 resection rate, objective response rate (ORR), and safety in patients with resectable and potentially resectable NSCLC. Secondary objectives include assessing whether this combination can improve 1-year and 2-year disease-free survival (DFS) post-surgery. Additionally, we will collect relevant biological samples to identify tumor markers associated with efficacy, prognosis, and side effects, providing a theoretical basis for modernizing and standardizing traditional Chinese medicine.

Purpose: with an increased risk of complications. Improved preoperative risk stratification and earlier diagnosis of these complications may ameliorate postoperative recovery and improve long-term outcomes. The perioperative longitudinal study of complications and long-term outcomes (PLUTO) aims to establish a comprehensive biorepository that will facilitate research in this field. Patients undergoing elective intermediate to high-risk non-cardiac surgery are eligible for enrolment. For the first 7 postoperative days (or longer as indicated), participants will be subjected to daily bedside visits by dedicated observers, who adjudicate clinical events and perform non-invasive physiological measurements (including handheld spirometry and single-channel EEG). In addition, we will collect blood samples as well as microbiome specimens at selected time points. Primary study outcomes are the postoperative occurrence of nosocomial infections, major adverse cardiac events, pulmonary complications, acute kidney injury and delirium. Secondary outcomes include mortality as well as long-term psychopathology, cognitive dysfunction, and quality of life. PLUTO is the first perioperative biobank worldwide that includes a broad range of high-risk surgical patients, collecting prospective bedside data as well as both blood and microbiome specimens during the entire perioperative period. The data and materials collected in PLUTO will be used to develop, externally validate, and update prognostic prediction models for improved risk assessment, to test novel biomarkers for early detection of postoperative complications and to study the aetiology, attributable morbidity and mortality related to these events.

Complications after surgery are common and a burden for patients and health services. Therefore it is important that clinicians improve surgical outcomes. Mitochondria are the part of the body's cells that manage energy. Research has already shown that how our body's mitochondria behave can predict who survives in intensive care patients. The investigators think this could also predict who is more likely to develop complications after surgery. Therefore a study has been designed to find out if changes in mitochondria are related to postoperative complications. This will help doctors improve how they prepare patients for surgery and potentially how they manage their treatment, and result in improving outcomes for patients after surgery. This study will recruit patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery as part of their treatment. The investigators will take samples of breath, blood and muscle to measure changes in mitochondria from the day before surgery to 7 days postoperatively. The muscle samples will only be taken when the patient is asleep having their operation. These samples will be used to analyse mitochondria. This study will be in two phases. Phase 1 is a pilot of up to 10 patients focussed on feasibility. Following this there will be an interim data analysis. The results may allow further optimisation to reduce the patient burden, eg reduction in sampling frequency, or avoiding need for muscle biopsy. The second phase will be a full cohort study of up to 40 patients, focussed on association of mitochondrial markers with clinical outcomes, such as postoperative complications, oxygen levels, pain, confusion and length of intensive care stay. The results of this study could improve how doctors select and prepare patients for surgery. It may also affect how doctors manage their treatment during and after operations. This could result in reducing complications and illness burden for patients after surgery.

To assess mortality and morbidity associated to anesthesia interventions