Pneumoperitoneum Pressure and Lung Ultrasound Atelectasis

Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy may lead to perioperative atelectasis due to pneumoperitoneum-related diaphragmatic elevation and impaired respiratory mechanics. Lung ultrasound (LUS) provides a noninvasive bedside method for evaluating perioperative aeration loss. This prospective randomized controlled study aims to compare the effects of low-pressure (10 mmHg) and standard-pressure (14 mmHg) pneumoperitoneum on perioperative atelectasis assessed by LUS in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Changes in LUS scores, respiratory mechanics, oxygenation, and postoperative clinical outcomes will also be evaluated.