Pharmacodynamics

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate whether sarcopenia and frailty affect the pharmacodynamic profile of rocuronium in geriatric patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.

This study is a randomized, double-blinded, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence crossover pivotal Biosimilar study. The purpose of this study is to establish pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) biosimilarity of proposed biosimilar I004 and the US-approved NovoLog.

This is a Phase 1 (healthy adult volunteers), 2-part, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of escalating single doses of AVR-48 versus placebo (SAD) and escalating multiple doses of AVR-48 versus placebo (MAD). SAD will be initiated first and include a sentinel dosing design. MAD will not utilize a sentinel design unless the safety monitoring committee requests the addition of sentinels. The MAD will be initiated once the lowest doses from SAD are deemed safe.

A majority of high-risk patients does not achieve their cholesterol target levels and most of these patients do not receive more effective combination therapy, which goes beyond statin monotherapy. Large interindividual differences in treatment outcomes have been observed for patients receiving statins. Statins block cholesterol synthesis and increase cellular low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake. Importantly, LDL uptake is highly divergent in individuals.The aim of this trial is to investigate how atorvastatin influences leukocyte readouts of LDL uptake and lipid storage in humans. The trial is a single-arm, open-label, interventional trial. A total of 15 healthy volunteers will receive 40 mg atorvastatin once a day for 4 weeks. The participants will provide blood samples before starting the atorvastatin intervention, each week when taking atorvastatin, and one week after the end of the intervention for the measurement of leukocyte readouts of LDL uptake and lipid storage.

Individual differences in drug efficacy and adverse reactions are common in the clinical application of drugs. Individual differences are caused by many factors, among which genetic factors account for more than 20%. Novel oral anticoagulant drugs (NOACs, including rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, dabigatran, etc.) and novel antiplatelet drug ticagrelor have the advantages of convenient use and no need for monitoring. But novel oral antithrombotic drugs also increase the risk of bleeding, and there is currently a lack of effective antagonists when antithrombosis is excessive or emergency surgery is required. At present, there are few studies on the causes of individual differences in novel antithrombotic drugs, and there is a lack of predictable biomarkers or drug genotypes, especially in China. Therefore, on the basis of previous studies on NOACs and ticagrelor individualized medication cohorts, this study plans to establish a validation cohort for novel antithrombotic drugs bleeding related biomarkers, conduct multi-omics testing and long-term follow-up, and explore markers related to pharmacodynamics of antithrombotic drugs, adverse bleeding reactions and clinical outcomes.