Smoking

The investigators aim to address the following specific aims: * Determine the efficacy of Prog in preventing postpartum smoking relapse and reducing smoking relapse risk factors. * Examine the effects of this maternal smoking intervention on infant health. * Examine racial and ethnic differences in intervention outcomes.

The goal of this clinical research study is to learn more about whether individual differences in brain responses to emotional triggers impact rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) responses in people who smoke.

PASS2 aims to expand upon the recently completed study (PASS intervention), which tested the telephone delivery of a cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI). This study will use Interactive Voice Response (IVR) to optimize the intervention's effectiveness for smoking cessation among Veteran smokers with chronic pain.

The purpose of this randomized study is to demonstrate direct clinical benefit, i.e., observed benefits in how humans with COPD feel in terms of symptoms (e.g., cough frequency, shortness of breath, and other respiratory symptoms) and function (e.g., lung function, and six-minute walking test \[6MWT\]) after switching to THS compared to continuing to smoking cigarettes.

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of brenipatide when compared to placebo for reducing the risk of relapse to cigarette smoking in adults who have recently quit. Study participation will last approximately 34 weeks with up to 17 study visits, which includes a 2-week screening period, 24-week treatment period, 8-week safety follow-up period.

Smoking remains a significant public health problem among the young adult population. Epidemiological studies in Turkey show a steadily decreasing age of smoking initiation and a remarkably high rate of smoking among university-aged individuals. Exposure to secondhand smoke is known to have negative effects on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and peripheral muscle function. Impaired lung ventilation, reduced gas exchange, and insufficient oxygen transport due to smoking can lead to decreased exercise tolerance, premature fatigue, and increased perception of exertional dyspnea. These effects can manifest as a decrease in functional capacity even before the development of a clinically significant respiratory disease. Functional capacity is an important indicator reflecting an individual's ability to perform daily living activities and is frequently assessed in clinical research using submaximal exercise tests. The 6-Minute Walk Test is a widely used, valid, and reliable test for assessing cardiorespiratory endurance and overall functional status. Similarly, the 1-Minute Sit-Stand Test is recommended as a practical and applicable method for evaluating lower extremity muscle endurance and functional performance. Dyspnea is a multidimensional symptom reflecting an individual's subjective perception of respiratory discomfort and is assessed using scales such as the Modified Medical Research Council and the Borg Dyspnea Scale. The Turkish Thoracic Society's dyspnea assessment reports indicate that exertional dyspnea may increase in smokers even if respiratory function tests are within normal limits. Fatigue, on the other hand, is a significant symptom that negatively affects an individual's daily living activities and physical functionality, arising from inflammatory processes, impaired oxygenation, and decreased physical activity levels associated with smoking. The Fatigue Severity Scale is a validated and reliable scale for assessing the impact of fatigue on an individual's physical and social life. While studies in the literature examine the effects of smoking on respiratory function and exercise capacity, studies that address the relationship between functional capacity and subjective dyspnea and fatigue in young adult smokers are limited. In particular, evaluating functional test results such as the 6-Minute Walk Test and the 1-Minute Sit-Stand Test together with dyspnea and fatigue perception will contribute to the early identification of subclinical functional effects. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between functional capacity (6-Minute Walk Test, 1-Minute Sit-Stand Test, and Timed Up and Go Test) and subjective dyspnea (Modified Medical Research Council Scale - mMRC) and fatigue level (Fatigue Severity Scale) in young adult smokers aged 18-30 years. The findings of this study are expected to draw attention to the functional effects of smoking in young adults, contribute to the development of preventive health approaches, and facilitate the planning of physiotherapy-based assessment and intervention programs.

The overall purpose of this study will be to assess primary combustible cigarette users' abstinence from smoking their usual brand of combustible cigarettes at the end of the study, when provided with an electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) power unit (2) and varying levels of access to tobacco-flavored, menthol-flavored, mint, or non-tobacco/non-menthol/non-mint-flavored cartridge-based e-liquids (collectively referred to as the investigational product) within their assigned study arm over a three-month (ninety-day) period.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease that affects only a fraction of those who smoke tobacco. The origin of this variability in susceptibility to develop COPD is unclear, but understanding its underlying biology has important implications for our ability to design suitable preventative and therapeutic strategies for its management. This Department of Defense (DOD) discovery research proposes to develop methodologies and generate preliminary data needed to lay the foundation for a large study that would investigate the underlying biological susceptibility of those who smoke tobacco to develop COPD.

The purpose of this trial is to test the effectiveness of offering a menu of different tobacco smoking substitutional products (e-cigarettes, nicotine pouches, nicotine patches in addition to usual of care) for smokers in the SHCS (Swiss HIV Cohort Study) in achieving self-reported 7-day tobacco cigarette abstinence at 6 months.

Mobile health (mHealth) will be used for early detection of oral cancer and pre-cancer lesions, and to improve awareness of oral cancer among the population and knowledge of oral cancer diagnosis among frontline health providers. This program is inclusive of long term surveillance to downstage oral cancer in India

This is a single-site, open-label, randomized, 4-way cross-over study designed to evaluate elements of abuse liability (AL) including subjective effects and physiological measures (pharmacodynamics \[PD\]) and plasma nicotine uptake (pharmacokinetics \[PK\]) during controlled monitored use and following ad libitum use of the study investigational products (IPs) by generally healthy smokers who are also users of smokeless tobacco.

Tobacco use is a chronic relapsing condition. That is, even with state-of-the-art treatment, \>70% of smoking cessation attempts end in a return to regular smoking. Research demonstrates that everyday environments associated with smoking trigger craving for cigarettes, provoke smoking, and lead to relapse. However, despite this knowledge, understanding of environmental correlates of smoking has been limited by a reliance on self-report, leading to imprecise information about the physical environments in which people live. To overcome this challenge, the research team has pioneered the development of digital envirotyping, which uses digital tools (e.g., sensors, cameras, artificial intelligence) to efficiently and accurately characterize and categorize environments with the goal of identifying environmental markers of behavior and health. Foundational to the digital envirotyping research is computer vision (CV), a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computer systems to recognize objects and scenes in digital images, mimicking how humans perceive and understand visual information. With CV researchers can extract detailed and accurate information (i.e., objects and location types) about the everyday environments of people who smoke (PWS) and relate that information to smoking behavior. After validating the use of CV, the researchers used CV to develop enviromarkers of relapse risk. Importantly, they identified a novel enviromarker in which people at greater risk for relapse when they quit are exposed to a more consistent level of environment-related smoking risk as they move between their smoking and nonsmoking environments. Research is now needed to advance digital envirotyping and enviromarker development in the field of tobacco addiction. The study will recruit a diverse, national sample of n=500 adults who are interested in quitting smoking. For two weeks prior to quitting, they will undergo photoEMA in which they will take two pictures of their current environment when they smoke, and randomly 10 times per day resulting in \>300,000 images total. Cessation will be supported by nicotine replacement therapy (i.e., nicotine patch). The primary clinical outcome will be days to relapse. Specific aims are to (1) further develop, refine, and validate methods for efficient digital envirotyping at scale, (2) leverage CV and AI approaches to develop enviromarkers of smoking relapse, and (3) conduct analyses to increase understanding of environmental smoking risk in women and individuals with low socioeconomic status.

This is a randomized, controlled, open-label, 6 parallel arms study to assess reduced exposure of biomarkers of exposure (BoE) of selected HPHC in smokers switching to TP18 (a prototype heated tobacco device) or THS relative to smokers who continue smoking CIG after 5 days of confinement period, followed by 2 days of pharmacokinetic (PK) period of single use of THS/TP18 and CIG, and followed by an ambulatory period.

Most attempts to quit smoking end in relapse, or a return to regular smoking. One of the biggest threats to cessation is a lapse (i.e., any cigarette use during a quit attempt). Thus, characterizing why lapses occur is essential to understanding and preventing smoking relapse. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a promising method for characterizing the psychological processes that lead to smoking lapses because it provides a way to measures patterns of brain activity thought to reflect relevant mental processes as they change over time. However, methodological issues have hindered the ability to capitalize on this potential and prevented an understanding of how brain activity and corresponding psychological processes unfold in the critical moments that immediately precede a smoking lapse. The proposed project will address this knowledge gap using a novel fMRI paradigm adapted from a well-validated behavioral lapse task. The goals of the project are to characterize changes in brain activity that lead up to a lapse and to investigate how these changes are related to concurrent affect and subsequent cigarette use.

This study conduct a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. The study will recruit and randomize 900 smokers (n=450 per arm) to either: (1) Control: Standard Smoking Cessation Counseling or (2) Intervention: Integrated Financial-Smoking Cessation Counseling.

The National Health Service (NHS) stop smoking service at the Central Lancashire NHS Trust serves a diverse population of smokers, with a very good quit rate and high standards. However, clinical experience predicts that some clients are unlikely to succeed through the NHS smoking cessation program. This special population has difficulty quitting for a variety of reasons. Some relapse over the course of the following two years and return repeatedly to the service. Others, for instance those with health problems, may be highly motivated to quit, but unable to resist their cravings. The purpose of this study is to determine if EFT makes a difference in quit rates with the most challenging population of clients.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of a pharmacist-delivered MTM (medication therapy management) approach, called QuitAid, to quitting cigarette smoking in rural Appalachia. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is QuitAid, alone or combined with other quitting tobacco treatments, effective? * What makes QuitAid easy or hard to carry out? Is it cost effective? Is it easy to maintain? Treatment: All participants will be given at least 4 weeks of the nicotine patch. Some participants will be randomized (like the flip of a coin) to receive additional treatments (listed below). These groups will be compared to each other to see which combination works best to help them quit smoking. * Smokefree TXT - a texting program that helps people quit smoking * Tobacco quitline - 4 phone sessions to help people quit smoking * 8 weeks of NRT (nicotine replacement therapy in the form of nicotine patches or nicotine patches and lozenge) medication instead of 4 weeks * QuitAid - An MTM program given by the patient's pharmacist. This is a quitting smoking coaching program * Nicotine patch AND nicotine lozenge instead of just nicotine patches

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an alternative non-invasive treatment to help people quit smoking. rTMS uses a magnetic field to stimulate regions of the brain that are involved in addiction. The two brain regions that are stimulated are the insula and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which are involved in drug craving and decision-making, respectively. The goal of this clinical trial is to learn more about the feasibility of offering rTMS as a treatment in the Nicotine Dependence Clinic (NDC) to help daily smokers to quit smoking. The NDC is at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) at 1025 Queen Street West, in Toronto, Canada. Participants will be asked to come to CAMH to: * Complete surveys and optional interviews to learn more about their opinions and experiences with this treatment * Start a treatment course that includes 3 weeks of daily (Monday to Friday) rTMS sessions followed by 3 weeks of weekly rTMS sessions for a total of 6 weeks. Each session lasts about 25 minutes and is provided by an rTMS technician with medical supervision. Objectives • Learning about the feasibility of rTMS as a treatment option for patients in the NDC will help us improve the treatment when offering it in other clinics, which may help improve smoking quit rates and people's overall health.

Smoking is a significant risk factor for heart, lung, and respiratory system diseases, and is particularly prevalent among young people and university students. In Turkey, tobacco use is high in the 15-24 age group, and smoking rates among university students are reported to be between 20% and 43%. Besides causing COPD and other respiratory diseases, smoking negatively impacts performance by increasing fatigue, dyspnea, and pain during exercise. It impairs lung function, reducing respiratory volumes such as FVC and FEV1. PNF and chest mobility exercises targeting the chest area can improve respiratory parameters by increasing respiratory muscle function and thoracic mobility. Recent studies show that chest PNF techniques have positive effects on lung function, chest expansion, and some physiological parameters, especially in smokers.

The study will recruit an anticipated 256 adults who currently smoke cigarettes and report a willingness to try switching to alternative, non-combustible products. Participants will be randomized to receive either e-cigarettes or nicotine pouches for a duration of 4 weeks and to 1 of 4 possible regulatory scenarios within products where flavor availability is either menthol and tobacco/unflavored available or tobacco/unflavored only available, and nicotine concentration is either higher (5% e-cig, 6mg pouch) or lower (2.4% e-cig, 3mg pouch). Participants will return for bi-weekly research visits (in person or remote videocall) to complete measures for study aims. Participants will complete a final follow-up at Week 6 to assess maintenance of cigarette reduction and willingness to continue using products once they are no longer provided. The investigators expect to observe which products and constituents lead to greater smoking reduction.

This study will modify an existing evidence-based parental tobacco cessation intervention (the Clinical Effort Against Secondhand Smoke Exposure, or CEASE) delivered in pediatric primary care clinics to address shared tobacco use determinants and barriers to smoking cessation treatment among Somali Americans, an immigrant population facing significant combustible tobacco use disparities.

This between-subjects study aims to evaluate the effect of flavor on initial and sustained switching from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes among 210 cigarette smokers. After measuring baseline cigarette smoking rate, participants will be randomized to a six-week regimen of fruit-flavored, tobacco-flavored, or menthol-flavored e-cigarettes and be instructed to switch (versus smoking cigarettes) over a 6-week period. Flavor-associated subjective reward and the reinforcing value of flavored e-cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes will be assessed as mechanisms.

The study team proposes a multi-level trial to test 1) novel implementation programs in rural counties designed to increase access to 2) recent advances in tobacco control services for people who are not-yet-ready-to-quit smoking. In this field, most trials have focused only on those already ready-to-quit. Thus, the proposed trial addresses an important knowledge gap critical to advance tobacco control in rural areas.

The overall goal of the study is to assess the efficacy of using cue exposure delivered via a smartphone application as an adjunct to Tobacco Quitline treatment to improve smoking abstinence.

This study examines the application of precision treatment intervention for smoking cessation from both the clinician perspective and patient perspective, and compares it to usual care on tobacco treatment in the primary care setting. The precision treatment intervention includes personalized tobacco treatment recommendations using the patient's clinical, genetic, and biomarker information. This approach may increase effectiveness and adherence for the patient, and increase the clinician's likelihood of prescribing.