Type 2 Diabetes

This research study collects health-related information and blood samples to better understand how body composition, lifestyle habits, and diet influence meta-inflammatory monocytes (MiMos) in adolescents. The hypothesis of this study is that adolescents at risk for metabolic disease have enhanced MiMo related activities leading to insulin resistance.

This single-arm clinical trial investigates the effects of daily durian consumption on the gut microbiome, host metabolome, and glucose metrics in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty adults with T2DM will undergo a pre-durian phase, a durian consumption phase, and a post-durian phase, each lasting 10 to 14 days. Participants will attend five visits at Singapore General Hospital for clinical assessments, continuous glucose monitoring, fasting blood collection, stool sample collection, and dietary and stool record submission. The study aims to determine whether durian consumption alters microbiome and metabolomic profiles and whether it affects glycemic measures in adults with T2DM.

The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of short-term forearm immobilization on forearm muscle glucose uptake and amino acid net balance and kinetics in individuals with T2D compared with a control group with normoglycaemia.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a disease that affects blood sugar levels. Complications can include heart and blood vessel (vascular) diseases. Rates of type 2 diabetes have tripled in children and young adults over the last 40 years. Vascular diseases are also increasing in young people. Objective: To learn more about factors, including type 2 diabetes, that may cause vascular disease in young people. Eligibility: People aged 12 to 25 years who (1) have type 2 diabetes; (2) are overweight but not diabetic; (3) or are lean and healthy. Biological parents are also needed. Design: Young participants will visit the NIH clinic once a year for up to 25 years. Each visit will take 4 days. Before each visit, participants will wear devices to track their sleep, activity, and blood sugar levels for 7 to 10 days. At each visit, participants will have tests including: Samples: They will provide blood, urine, and stool samples. Heart: They will ride a stationary bike for 6 minutes with stickers applied to their chest. Scans: They will lie on a bed that slides into a tube; the machine will take pictures of the inside of their body. Energy: They will wear a hood over their head to measure the air they breathe. Social stress: They will give a speech for 10 minutes to show their body s response to stress. Glucose: They will drink a sweet drink to see how their blood sugar changes. Biological parents will have 1 study visit. They will have blood tests. They will fill in questionnaires about their lifestyle and stress. ...

This is a single-arm pragmatic clinical trial of time-restricted eating in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients will be recruited from the University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center. Subjects will participate in a 10-hour time-restricted eating intervention for 1-year.

This 12-month pilot tests a nurse-led, app-based intervention to improve diabetes self-management for Medicaid patients. It includes MyChart messaging to give education, phone help on problem-solving with clinicians, and using a diabetes app to track data. The study aims to enhance self-management behaviors through health technology.

The purpose of this study is to determine if use of a nonmydriatic fundus camera using autonomous artificial intelligence software at the point of care increases the proportion of underserved youth with diabetes screened for diabetic retinopathy, and to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the autonomous AI system in detecting diabetic retinopathy from retinal images of youth with diabetes.

The overall aim of this project is to understand the independent roles of maternal factors, intrauterine exposures, genetic factors, and postnatal environment on the development of obesity and youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) in childhood.

About 6.5 million adults in the United States who are 65 or older have dementia. While the exact cause of dementia is not known, it may be due to changes in the brain. Further, risk may be higher when the brain does not respond to insulin. Indeed, brain insulin resistance has emerged as a pathologic factor affecting memory, executive function as well as systemic glucose control. Regular aerobic exercise may help reduce the risk of dementia by increased blood flow to the brain and help the brain respond better to insulin. In addition, giving insulin through a nose spray (called intranasal insulin) may also help with thinking and memory. However, it is unknown if using both exercise and intranasal insulin is best for the brain.

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of active video gaming participation in otherwise sedentary patients with obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study will assess changes in sedentary time, activity level and changes in weight and Hemoglobin A1c, as well as other complications related to obesity that is monitored in clinic.

KDDP is a prospective, 12-month pilot study comparing the effects of a novel lifestyle program, the Ketogenic Diet and Diabetes Demonstration Project (KDDP) to those of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDDP). KDDP is modeled to mimic the delivery platform of NDPP with the exception that participants in KDDP will be placed on a medically-supervised ketogenic diet, and participants in NDPP will be placed on a low fat diet. The purpose of this study is to compare the metabolic effects of the KDDP and the NDPP on glycemic control, lipid parameters, blood pressure, heart rate, weight, and coronary artery calcium scores in individuals with either type 2 diabetes or prediabetes.

The primary objective is to determine the cross-sectional relationship between sleep duration (as measured by 14 days of actigraphy) and glycemic control in an adolescent Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) cohort (age 12-20y, n=67). A secondary objective is to determine if a loss-framed incentive for achieving sleep goals can increase sleep duration in 15 adolescent patients diagnosed with T2DM with insufficient sleep. Another secondary objective is to test if increasing sleep duration leads to improved glycemic control in 15 adolescents with T2DM identified in Aim 1 as having \<8 hr sleep/evening. A focus group will be conducted prior to this intervention with patients ineligible for the intervention in order to determine appropriate text messaging.

The overall aim of the project is to elucidate the primary bio-psycho-social (BPS) risk factors for albuminuria in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the mechanisms by which they cause renal injury. The Study aims include: 1. Characterize the primary BPS risk factors associated with prevalent and progressive albuminuria in youth with T2D. 2. Determine individual, family and community level factors that influence biological and psychological risk factors and behaviors (adherence) that could be modified to protect against prevalent and progressive albuminuria. 3. Determine if systemic and renal inflammation is the common pathway through which BPS risk factors lead to albuminuria in youth with T2D. Study Hypotheses include: 1. Biological factors (poor glycemic control and systolic ambulatory hypertension), and psychological and social adversity (stress, mental distress and poverty) are significant predictors of prevalent and progressive albuminuria in youth with T2D. 2. Community and family support will be negatively associated with stress, and a lower risk of both prevalent and progressive albuminuria. 3. Systemic and renal inflammation is the common pathway through which BPS risk factors lead to albuminuria in youth with T2D.

This is a randomized, open-label, multi-center, active-controlled Phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from once-weekly dulaglutide to PG-102(MG12) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving stable dulaglutide therapy. The treatment period is 32 weeks, with an additional 4-week safety follow-up. The primary endpoint is the change in HbA1c(%) from baseline at Week 32.

This study is testing whether providing monthly vouchers to buy fruits and vegetables can help improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. People receiving care at WVU clinics who recently had an HbA1c level above 8% will be invited to participate in the study. Those who are interested will speak with a study coordinator, be screened for eligibility, and, if eligible, will provide written consent to join the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group will receive $100 per month in produce-only grocery vouchers and standardized dietary education for 5 months, followed by 5 months of usual diabetes care. The second group will receive usual diabetes care first for 5 months, followed by 5 months of produce-only grocery vouchers and standardized dietary education. This crossover design allows all participants to experience both approaches during the study. Researchers will measure changes in blood sugar (HbA1c) as the main outcome. Other outcomes include blood pressure, cholesterol levels, body weight, diet quality, food security, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and physical activity. These will be assessed through lab tests, clinic measurements, and surveys at certain time points during the 10 month study period. The study team will also track how often participants use the vouchers and any challenges they face. The risks of participating are expected to be minimal and similar to routine diabetes care. The total study duration, including enrollment, participation, and analysis, is expected to be about 18 months.

The aim of the study is to compare, in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes, open-loop insulin pump treatment with the CamAPS HX (Camdiab) Fully Closed Loop Automated Insulin Therapy system, on the efficacy and safety of use of the Fully Closed Loop, as well as on psycho-social criteria of device acceptability, quality of life and diabetes burden. This is an open, multi-center, randomized, cross-over study, based on several observational or controlled trials carried out in Cambridge by Prof. Hovorka's team (see paragraph 4 below). The study will comprise a run-in phase followed by a 1st sequence in which randomized patients will use the Ypsomed pump (Ypsomed) and the FreeStyle Libre 3 sensor in open loop for 12 weeks Versus the Ypsomed pump (Ypsomed) coupled with the CamAPS HX algorithm and the FreeStyle Libre 3 sensor in full closed loop. At the end of this 1ère sequence, all patients will undergo a 2-4 week washout, during which they will use the Ypsomed pump and the FreeStyle Libre 3 sensor in open loop, and then in the 2nd sequence of the study, patients will switch to the other treatment for a further 12 weeks. A total of 80 patients on insulin pumps for at least 6 months will be recruited from 9 French centers. All patients will receive training in the use of the Ypsomed pump, the FreeStyle Libre 3 sensor and the CamAPS HX algorithm. The primary objective is Time on Target 70-180 mg/dl of 24h measured during the 12 weeks of each therapeutic period. Secondary objectives will be Time in Target 70-180 mg/dl day and night, Time above Target \> 180 mg/dl and \> 250 mg/dl, Time below Target \< 70 mg/dl and \< 54 mg/dl, time in the narrow target range 70-140 mg/dL, mean 24h blood glucose and glycemic variability measured over the 12 weeks of each treatment sequence, HbA1c, weight, total insulin dose and psychosocial endpoints assessed at the start and end of each treatment sequence. Safety data studied will include diabetes-related adverse events (ketoacidosis, symptomatic and severe hypoglycemia) and medical device-related adverse events (pump and sensor).

To conduct a randomized control trial to determine the impact of 6-weeks of blood flow restriction training on immune cell function and bioenergetics in adults living with type 2 diabetes.

People of Hispanic or Latino/a/x ("H/L") ethnicity, including US military servicemembers, Veterans, and their families, experience a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and more challenges managing diabetes than non-Hispanic White populations. Uncontrolled diabetes is linked with lower quality of life, diabetes-related emotional distress, and severe medical problems. There are many reasons for this difference, including lack of culturally appropriate and bilingual Spanish healthcare services. Additionally, military patients may have additional barrier accessing behavioral health care, which an important part of treatment for many people with diabetes, such as stigma and unique schedule challenges. Therefore, this study aims to overcome these barriers and improve healthcare and health outcomes for H/L military patients. We will test a values-based behavior change program, delivered using video telehealth by a bilingual English-Spanish language health coach. The 10-week Acceptance Based Coping (ABaCo) skills program includes 7 virtually-delivered lessons and was developed by the study team in partnership with civilian community health workers and patients. This study will test the helpfulness of ABaCo delivered by a health coach fluent in English and Spanish to military H/L patients. This randomized controlled trial will examine changes in physical and mental health over 6 months for those who receive ABaCo, compared to those who receive usual healthcare. This project will also identify steps for implementing the ABaCo program in other military treatment facilities. The ultimate goal of this study is to establish a helpful, easy-to-access, widely available program for H/L military patients with type 2 diabetes that improves quality of life and blood sugar control, and lowers distress about diabetes. This study will also identify best approaches to providing ABaCo in military treatment facilities, providing lessons learned to other large healthcare systems.

The overall aim of the study is to investigate the incidence of type 2 diabetes in individuals who have access to a digital intervention tool as compared with randomized controls during three years. The tool is based on self-affirmation theory and has large emphasis on self-reflection to enable sustainable lifestyle changes. Users get access to expert-written information about relevant health topics and interact with an LLM to promote reflection on the information.

The investigators are hoping to determine whether tailoring the diet of someone with type 2 diabetes to their ethnic group while following American Diabetes Association guidelines can make a significant difference in their blood sugar controls. Participants will be required to wear a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) for 1-month so that the investigators can compare blood sugar levels when participants are eating their routine diet vs. the culturally tailored diabetes diet.

The study is being conducted to evaluate the effects of different dosage regimen on the pharmacokinetics of HRS9531 tablets in healthy subjects.

* Rationale: Glucose control in patients with kidney disease is challenging, as traditional metrics can be unreliable and there is a high risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Although RT-CGM has shown benefits in other groups, its efficacy in patients with advanced kidney damage needs to be validated to improve their quality of life and prevent disease progression. * Main objective: To determine whether the use of RT-CGM is more effective than usual care (capillary blood glucose monitoring with a glucometer) in maintaining patients within an optimal glucose range (70-180 mg/dL) over a three-month period. * Study population: We plan to include 30 patients over 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (with a glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min), who use insulin and are not on renal replacement therapy such as dialysis. * Methodology: The study is a randomized clinical trial consisting of two phases: 1. Selection period (15 days): Blinded monitoring is performed to obtain baseline data. 2. Treatment period (90 days): Patients are divided into two groups: the intervention group, which will use the CGM-RT with alarms configured for high and low levels, and the control group, which will continue with traditional fingerstick monitoring. * Metrics to be evaluated: In addition to time in range, researchers will analyze episodes of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, glycemic variability, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and device accuracy. * Ethical and logistical considerations: The study complies with international and national regulations, guaranteeing the confidentiality and autonomy of the participants. The project has a 24-month timeline and a detailed budget to cover medical personnel, monitoring sensors (Sinocare i3), and laboratory tests.

The purpose of this study is to measure the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with LY3457263 compared with placebo in participants with type 2 diabetes who are not at HbA1c goal when treated with a stable dose of semaglutide or tirzepatide. Participation in the study will last about 9 months.

The overall goal of this proposal is to create and test an implementation protocol for in-hospital immediate postpartum diabetes screening for postpartum patients with pregnancies affected by GDM.

Who can participate? Individuals may be eligible to join this study if they meet the following criteria: * Are 18 years or older. * Have Type 2 diabetes with an A1c level higher than 7%. * Have a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 27 and 35 (considered overweight or Class 1 obesity). * Have used a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) successfully in the past. How the study works: If eligible individuals decide to join and sign the consent form, a computer will randomly assign them into one of two groups: The Formula Group: Participants will replace their usual breakfast and one snack with a specific diabetes nutritional drink (Glucerna®). The Standard Diet Group: Participants will follow a standard low-calorie meal plan without using the nutritional drink. Both groups will aim for a specific daily calorie goal (1,200-1,500 for women; 1,500-1,800 for men) and will receive expert nutritional counseling. Monitoring and Follow-up Over the course of 3 months, close contact will be maintained to support participants: Every 2 weeks: A nutrition expert will call participants to check on their diet and help with their glucose monitor. Every month: Participants will meet with the study team in person to review glucose monitor data. Tests: At the start and end of the study, weight, body composition, blood sugar (A1c), and cholesterol levels will be measured to see how the plans worked.