Urinary Tract Infection

Male urinary tract infections (MUTI) are often less recognised compared to those in women. French clinical guidelines practices recommend the use of antibiotics called fluoroquinolones, which are highly effective in treating MUTIs. However, these antibiotics can lead to rare but serious side effects, such as tendonitis or heart rhythm disturbances. Additionally, fluoroquinolones can contribute to the development of bacterial resistance, making their use inadvisable within six months of treatment. In response to these concerns, we aim to explore a well-established alternative, fosfomycin trometamol (known by the brand name MONURIL®). This antibiotic has a strong track record in treating UTIs in women, with well-documented benefits and minimal associated risks. The primary goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of fosfomycin trometamol in treating urinary tract infections in men, as well as to evaluate any potential treatment failures.

The aim of the StopStop@HITH study is to see if stopping antibiotics when symptoms stop is as good as finishing the course of antibiotics. The study will enrol children at the Royal Children's Hospital who are prescribed oral antibiotics after completing a course of intravenous (IV) antibiotics for the treatment of cellulitis, urinary tract infection (UTI), lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and lymphadenitis. The aims of the study are: * To determine if oral antibiotics can be safely stopped once symptoms stop in children with cellulitis (who have completed a course of IV antibiotics). * To assess feasibility of a larger study of other common infections across multiple hospitals. The participants parent/guardian will complete a daily symptom tracker for the duration of the prescribed oral antibiotic course and attend a telehealth appointment with the study team once the participants symptoms have resolved. There are additional follow up surveys at day 14, day 28 and day 180.

The goal of this smaller clinical trial is to evaluate the study design of this research to help prepare for a larger research study in the future. The future larger study would focus on whether steroid cream can reduce recurrent urinary tract infections in male infants, who are not circumcised. Male infants, who are enrolled in this study, would receive either the steroid cream or a placebo cream (a look alike cream without steroids). The cream would be applied twice a week for four weeks. Then there would be two follow up visits with the research team to measure whether the infant experienced any urinary tract infections and to measure parent perceptions of their experience participating in the study.

This is a randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness and implementation of an intervention to decrease unnecessary urine testing for surgical patients (Less is More for Surgical Urine Testing) across six geographically diverse Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. The intervention will unfold over two years, in three phases: control, intervention, and sustainability.

This is a single arm, interventional pilot study of using chlorhexidine irrigation intra-operatively and post-operatively among patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion. The intervention comprises of using irrigation of ileal conduit or ileal neobladder intra-operatively and then for irrigation of either post-surgery with Irrisept ®. The sterilization of urine will be assessed at 10 days after cystectomy. Incidence of symptomatic urinary tract infections within the 30-day post-operative period will be estimated.

Given the high burden of post-catheter removal UTIs, this study aims to evaluate Irrisept instillation as a non-antibiotic intervention to reduce infection rates. By comparing Irrisept to saline irrigation, the study will provide critical insights into the efficacy of antiseptic bladder irrigation in preventing UTIs while minimizing antibiotic use. If successful, this approach could lead to new clinical guidelines for catheter removal protocols, improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs.

Aims of the Research: 1. Isolation and identification of Providencia spp. from UTIs. 2. Genotypic confirmation of Providencia isolates. 3. Determination of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of isolated Providencia spp. 4. Characterization of some virulence factors of Providencia spp. 5. Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistance gene antibiotics. 6. Determination of risk factors for Providencia UTIs.

The study will assess families' perspectives and decision-making regarding the duration of oral antibiotic courses prescribed to children (4-17 years) who present with uncomplicated bacterial infections at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) Emergency Department (ED). The study will involve (i) children discharged from ED on oral antibiotics and (ii) children transferred to Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) on IV antibiotics who then switch to oral antibiotics. In addition, the study will assess how feasible and acceptable it is to track children's symptoms via the Garmin Smartwatch and the WeGuide platform (WeGuide is a patient engagement software platform that allows for enrolment, consent, and data collection \[via questionnaires/surveys and from the Garmin Smartwatches\] through a singular platform).

For seniors aged 65 and over (inclusive) undergoing surgical procedures (bone surgery, traumatology, orthopedics) in an acute or elective setting, the relationship between preoperative urinary tract infection/colonization (within 30 days before the procedure) and the occurrence of predefined postoperative complications (monitoring during the patients' hospitalization) will be observed

The "AI Supporter," an intelligent excretion management robot, leverages artificial intelligence-based vision recognition to autonomously detect and cleanse affected areas, followed by drying and changing the diaper, thereby reducing caregiver strain and enhancing care quality. This study aims to assess the efficacy of the "AI Supporter" in decreasing the incidence of urinary tract infections and incontinence-associated dermatitis among incontinent patients, in addition to exploring its cost-effectiveness. Adopting an experimental (two groups) and longitudinal design, this research utilizes both convenience and random sampling strategies. The study anticipates recruiting 60 female subjects who have been confined to bed for more than three months with urinary and/or fecal incontinence. Participants will intermittently use the AI Supporter over a 14-day period. Measurement tools include routine urine analysis.