Clinical trials

Study Description (For Patients, Families, and Healthcare Providers) Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate treatment in women with ectopic pregnancy who belong to a group for whom this treatment is relatively contraindicated. Background: Methotrexate is a medication commonly used in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube). However, in certain conditions - such as kidney or liver dysfunction - methotrexate use may carry increased risks. These situations are known as relative contraindications. This study will retrospectively examine treatment outcomes in this specific patient population. Method: The study will analyze medical records of patients who were previously treated with methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy. No new interventions will be performed. The analysis will be based solely on existing clinical data. Why Is This Important? The findings of this study may help us better understand the safety limits of methotrexate therapy and guide healthcare providers in managing similar cases in the future.

The optic nerve sheath is a continuation of the dura mater, extending along the subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerve. Consequently, changes in intracranial pressure cause an augmentation or contraction in the diameter of the optic nerve sheath, which is coreleted with intracranial pressure. Participants undergoing lower extremity operations (ankle, distal tibia and fibula surgeries) using a tourniquet under spinal anesthesia will be investigated. Spinal anesthesia will be performed with a 25 G Whitacre, 25 G Quincke, or 27 G Quincke needle, depending on the study group. Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements will be performed before spinal anesthesia; and 5 minutes, 15 minutes,,24 hours after spinal block, respectively.The 4th measurement will be performed after tourniquet is opened. Measurements will be done with 15 MHz linear ultrasound (US) probe in B mode, 3 mm behind the posterior globe in the transverse plane from both eyes, on upper eyelid. Values will be recorded numerically. The impact of spinal anesthesia administered using various needle designs (Quincke and Whitacre) and sizes (25G-27G) on intracranial pressure will be investigated.