Anxiety and Physiological Responses in Ambulatory Surgery
This study aims to investigate the effects of music intervention on subjective anxiety and physiological indicators, including heart rate, blood pressure, and heart rate variability, in first-time ambulatory surgery patients, and to compare the differential effects between self-selected and standardized music interventions.
Be at least 18 years old. [+3]
Hearing impairment or the need to use a hearing aid. [+3]