Clinical trials

The knee joint plays a major role in weight transmission of the body in day-to-day activities. The biomechanics of the knee and malalignment in lower limb anatomy are major risk factors for chronic knee pain, leaving Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) as the best and most successful option for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA)

Local anesthetics (LA) may be administered by injection (retrobulbar, peribulbar, subconjunctival, lid, or facial block) or by instillation (topical anesthesia), Considerable drawbacks of local anesthesia in these patients include the fact that a few patients can remain comfortable on an operating table for procedures that exceed two or three hours. Sedation may be helpful with LA to decrease the experience of discomfort, movement and anxiety, which may in turn positively influence hemodynamic parameters, patient satisfaction, and overall improve surgical safety. Sedatives used in eye surgeries include benzodiazepines, opioids, alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, and propofol.

Melasma is a common acquired disorder of hyperpigmentaion caused by increased melanin production by melanocytes. Melasma is a name derived from the Greek word melas meaning black.It is characterized by the appearance of brownish or grayish symmetrical patches on sun-exposed skin, most commonly on the face. Compared to men, women are more likely to be affected.

Sepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection . Despite ongoing efforts, both the incidence and mortality of sepsis have demonstrated limited reductions over the past years,There are several biomarkers that have already been studied for the early diagnosis of sepsis. Some of these markers can be used in risk prediction and monitoring the outcome of sepsis . Some of these markers as procalcitonin and CD14, are costly and not feasible options for low- and middle-income countries . While other biomarkers are feasible and accessible to be evaluated as Triglyceride\\glucose index (TyG) , Relative Distributive Width of red blood corpuscles to albumin ratio (RAR), C-reactive protein,Neutrophile \\Lympocyte ratio and serum lactate levels .

Postoperative sedation is an essential component in recovery of the patient undergoing cardiac surgery. It facilitates the patient's unawareness of the environment as well as reduce the discomfort and anxiety caused by surgery, intubation, mechanical ventilation, suction, and physiotherapy. Despite the advances in anesthesia and surgical techniques, the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) may be prolonged after cardiac surgery, due to the classic high-dose narcotic-based cardiac anesthesia.

Sepsis and septic shock are global health problems, leading to a high mortality rate. They are often associated with extremely low blood pressure and multiple organ dysfunctions, which are the main causes of death in critically ill patients. Fluid resuscitation is one of the most critical treatments for patients with sepsis and septic shock. An early administration of an appropriate fluid to patients is considered the most effective way to increase blood pressure, improve tissue perfusion, and save their lives. Crystalloid fluids are a subset of intravenous solutions composed of mineral salts and other small, water-soluble molecules, including normal, isotonic or hypertonic saline, and various buffered solutions.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 5% to 10% of all women of reproductive age and 50% of women who present with sub-fertility due to anovulatory infertility . Clear diagnostic criteria for this condition were identified at the consensus meeting of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine .