Clinical trials

Postoperative pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a significant clinical problem that delays early mobilization, reduces patient satisfaction, and increases analgesic requirements. The adductor canal block (ACB), which aims to provide analgesia while preserving motor function, is widely used in postoperative pain management after TKA. However, clinical and anatomical studies have demonstrated that ACB is effective only in the anteromedial sensory innervation of the knee and does not adequately block pain originating from the posterior knee capsule. This limitation reduces analgesic effectiveness, particularly in patients with a prominent posterior pain component. The sciatic nerve block has long been considered the gold standard for managing posterior knee pain. However, due to disadvantages such as motor weakness and delayed rehabilitation, current pain management protocols increasingly favor motor-sparing and complementary approaches such as the Biceps Femoris Short Head (BiFeS) block and the Interspace Between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the posterior Knee (IPACK) block for posterior knee analgesia. In light of this information, the aim of our study is to guide clinical practice by comparing the postoperative analgesic efficacy, motor function outcomes, and patient satisfaction associated with sciatic nerve, BiFeS, and IPACK block techniques-each administered as a supplement to the adductor canal block-in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, with the ultimate goal of determining the optimal block combination for postoperative pain control.

The aim of this observational study is to find out whether there is a level difference in salivary mitofusin-1 and mitofusin-2 levels due to changes in periodontal status. The main question it aims to answer is: * Do salivary mitofusin-1 and mitofusin-2 levels of periodontitis patients differ from healthy patients? * Could salivary mitofusin-1 and mitofusin-2 levels be biomarkers for periodontal disease? Biochemical analysis will be performed on saliva samples taken at once from gingivitis or periodontitis patients and healthy individuals who apply to the periodontology clinic, at the initial stage of the treatment. There is no ongoing monitoring or second sampling.