Clinical trials

Purpose:The aim of this study is to determine the intrathecal Bupivacaine concentration(0.5% vs 0.75%) with better anesthesia and little hemodynamic disturbance during cystoscopic procedures.In comparing these bupivacaine concentrations ,the result would be expected to enhance safer spinal anesthesia practices ,minimizing the use of vasopressors in urological surgeries.OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the frequency and average chages of post spinal hemodynamic instability in terms of hypotension and bradycardia with 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine and 0.55 hyperbaric bupivacaine in patients presenting for cystoscopic procedures.

Women who meet the study requirements will be enrolled and randomly assigned by a computer system to receive either pioglitazone 30 mg daily or a placebo starting from the second day of their menstrual period for the same duration. All participants will also take clomiphene citrate 150 mg daily from day 3 to day 7 of the menstrual cycle. A transvaginal ultrasound will be performed on day 10 of the menstrual cycle to assess the growth of ovarian follicles, and the number of mature follicles (16-24 mm) will be recorded. If at least one mature follicle measuring 16-24 mm is present and the endometrial thickness is at least 7 mm, an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) will be given to trigger ovulation, followed by an intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedure. Participants will be followed until the end of the menstrual cycle, and if the menstrual period is delayed by 5 days, a blood test for β-hCG will be performed to confirm pregnancy. Any side effects during the treatment period, such as swelling, fluid retention, blurred vision, or weight gain, will be recorded.

Pityriasis versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection caused by Malassezia species, characterized by hypo- or hyper-pigmented scaly patches on the skin. Topical antifungal agents are the mainstay of treatment. Ketoconazole has been widely used; however, newer agents such as luliconazole may offer improved efficacy and shorter treatment duration. This randomized controlled study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of topical luliconazole versus topical ketoconazole in patients with pityriasis versicolor. Treatment response will be assessed clinically and mycologically to determine comparative outcomes.