Clinical trials

Cesarean section is one of the commonly performed surgical procedures in the world. Once baby is delivered during the surgical procedure anesthesiologist administer Oxytocin drug through IV cannula which helps the Uterus to contract so that excessive blood loss doesnt occur. But this is associated with fall in blood pressure frequently requiring administration of medications to treat low blood pressure. The most frequently used drug is phenylephrine which can administered along with oxytocin to prevent fall in blood pressure. This study will compare to different doses of Phenylephrine to prevent fall in blood pressure.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves removal of gallbladder through small incision ports resulting in faster recovery. Small incisions are less painful and hence local anesthesis administered can be effective for pain management. This local anesthetic can be administered either within abdominal cavity or at sit of small incisions.

As baby grows inside the womb of mother, heart and other organs develop. The heart activity can be recorded by placing a transducer on the belly of mother. The tracing obtain provides information about heart rate, any increase or decrease in heart rate and how much it varies with time. Variation in heart rate along with increase is indicator of fetal well being. Some mothers are at high risk of pre-term birth that is baby delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. In such cases steroids are given to mother to accelerate lung development of the baby so that it can easily adapt to outside world. Dexamethasone and Betamethasone are commonly used steroids which can also effect fetal heart activity.

Patient undergoing surgeries in general anesthesia require support of their breathing by ventilator. Different strategies can be used to manage breathing of the patient. Lung protective ventilation provides breathing at a set volume determined by patient ideal body weight, along with a set rate to maintain adequate breathing. The pressures in the lower airway are kept less than 30 cm of H20 while a pressure of 5cm of H20 is applied to prevent lung collapse. Recently to above mentioned regimen a driving pressure is added which is a difference between lower airway pressure and pressure applied to prevent lung collapse. Ventilatory settings are adjusted to keep this driving pressure less than 15 cm of H2O.

Lower segment C section is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. It is performed in spinal anesthesia. During Spinal Anesthesia a local anesthetic drug is administered in a space surrounding spinal cord and it blocks nerves originating from spinal cord providing both anesthesia and analgesia. This technique avoids harmful exposure of drugs to the baby inside the womb of mother. However this technique provides anesthesia and analgesia of limited duration which can be prolonged by addition of drugs to patient management regimen. One such drug is Dexamethasone which is a steroid commonly administered in the peri-operative period.