The use of titanium dental implants has become a common modern treatment to restore teeth. Although the success rate of dental implants is high, inflammation around the dental implant still occurs. The current study will investigate if the inflammation around the implant is due to bacterial infection, hypersensitivity or both.
Received at least one functional implant (implant restored with a prothesis);
Did not receive peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis treatment in the past three months.
Dental records with incomplete information;
Individuals with a weak immune system or chronic disease such as diabetes, heart, lung or kidney disease;
Pregnant women;
Individuals undergoing orthodontic therapy and those who have oral piercing.