This study evaluates whether preoperative shoulder range-of-motion exercises influence postoperative inflammatory response, pain, shoulder function, and quality of life in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing modified radical mastectomy.
Patients with clinically locally advanced breast cancer (stage IIIA-IIIC according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system) who have been scheduled to undergo modified radical mastectomy.
Age ≥ 18 years at the time of diagnosis
Willing to undergo preoperative rehabilitation for 6-8 weeks and to perform the recommended home-based exercise program.
Willing to participate in follow-up via telephone.
Inability to understand verbal or written communication, resulting in difficulty following exercise instructions.
Intraoperative complications, such as injury to or transection of the thoracodorsal nerve, long thoracic nerve, and/or intercostobrachial nerve.
Postoperative complications leading to delayed wound healing, defined as incomplete wound healing at one month after surgery, including wound dehiscence, wound infection, or abscess formation.
Pre-existing shoulder joint motion limitation diagnosed prior to surgery (e.g., preoperative frozen shoulder).
Indonesia University
Lead sponsor
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia
Sponsor institution