This is a prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at a single center. The study aims to evaluate whether a "tubeless" strategy can enhance recovery for patients undergoing minimally invasive thoracoscopic sublobar resection (wedge or segment resection) for small lung nodules.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups:
* The experimental group will receive the "tubeless" strategy, which includes non-endotracheal intubation anesthesia (using a laryngeal mask) and no routine chest tube drainage after surgery. * The control group will receive the traditional strategy, which includes double-lumen endotracheal intubation anesthesia and routine chest tube drainage.
The main goal is to compare the rate of achieving high-quality fast-track recovery at 24 hours after surgery between the two groups. This study will provide evidence on whether the tubeless approach can help patients recover faster and more comfortably without compromising safety.
Age between 18 and 75 years.
Scheduled for uniportal or multiportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for sublobar resection (wedge or segmentectomy).
Presence of peripheral lung nodules ≤ 2 cm in diameter and ≤ 2 cm from the pleura, confirmed by CT scan.
Ability to understand and provide written informed consent.
Severe pleural adhesions or fibrosis that would preclude non-intubated anesthesia or tubeless approach.
Severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction: FEV1 < 50% predicted, DLCO < 60% predicted, heart failure (NYHA class III-IV), or unstable angina.
Pregnancy or lactation (confirmed by urine test if applicable).
Inability to tolerate one-lung ventilation due to anatomical or physiological reasons.