Candida Infection

The overall objective of this study is to investigate the association of early Candida infection (known as oral thrush or oropharyngeal candidiasis, OPC) in children during the first year of life with the onset and severity of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC).

Accounting for only 0.7% to 3% of joint prosthesis infections, yeast infections are considered particularly difficult to treat. They are primarily caused by Candida yeasts, representing over 90% of cases. Surgical treatment is the cornerstone of managing periprosthetic infections. In cases of chronic bacterial infections, complete implant replacement is necessary and can be performed either in one or two stages. However, for chronic Candida spp. infections, two-stage prosthesis replacement remains the preferred option. Only three retrospective, single-center studies have evaluated the success rate of one-stage prosthesis replacement in periprosthetic Candida spp. infections in selected patients. Although the sample sizes of these studies are small, the 2-year success rate of 63% to 81% differs little from that of two-stage implant replacement (47% to 100%). Furthermore, systemic antifungal treatment is poorly defined. Recommendations are based on studies with a low level of evidence. The hypothesis is that a single-stage prosthesis replacement combined with appropriate antifungal treatment for chronic periprosthetic Candida spp. infection has the same outcome as a two-stage prosthesis replacement.

1. To determine the susceptibility pattern of our local isolated Candida strains which is essential for optimal management of fungal infection. 2. Detection of biofilm formation by conventional and molecular methods 3. Comparison between C. albicans and non-albicans in the prevalence of biofilm formation and biofilm -forming genes 4. Find the association between antifungal resistance and biofilm formation in candida strains isolated from patients 5. Determination of clinical factors associated with occurrence of infections.

This is an ongoing evaluation of subjects exposed to ibrexafungerp while pregnant. The study population will include pregnant women of any age.