Dexamethasone

The supraclavicular brachial plexus block (BPB) is a frequently used anaesthetic method for upper limb surgeries, including distal radial fracture surgery. Adding liposomal bupivacaine to BPB has shown promise in enhancing postoperative pain control. A previous randomized controlled trial demonstrated that it reduced pain scores and OBAS compared to plain bupivacaine alone, especially on postoperative day (POD) 1. Adding adjuncts to non-liposomal local anaesthetics can also enhance and prolong postoperative pain relief. The effectiveness of liposomal bupivacaine compared to adjuncts like dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine remains unclear. Since liposomal bupivacaine is more expensive, it is crucial to compare its analgesic efficacy with these alternatives. A randomized controlled trial comparing liposomal bupivacaine versus dexamethasone in the interscalene BPB for shoulder surgery found that liposomal bupivacaine resulted in statistically significantly lower pain scores and less pain interference in the Brief Pain Inventory, although the reduction was not considered clinically relevant. Its high cost may therefore limit its routine use unless specific clinical contexts where its efficacy is maximized are identified. Notably, patients with risk factors like psychological factors, preoperative pain, and prior analgesic use may benefit most from its application. A randomized controlled trial to compare the analgesic efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine plus plain bupivacaine versus dexamethasone plus plain bupivacaine in supraclavicular BPB for patients at higher risk of poor acute pain control post distal radial fracture surgery will be conducted. Patients with severe preoperative pain, opioid use, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and/or higher energy and high-grade fracture cases will be selected. The primary outcome measured is the intensity of acute postoperative pain with movement in the first 48 hours after surgery. Important secondary outcomes include pain intensity at rest, opioid consumption, OBAS scores, chronic pain, and upper limb functionality.

Steroids given by mouth are an important first line treatment for children presenting with asthma attacks. Dexamethasone is the steroid used in some emergency departments (EDs) because of the need for a single dose and as it is well tolerated. The dose of dexamethasone in treating asthma attacks is not clearly established. This study compares two different doses of dexamethasone in children presenting with an asthma attack. Investigators will compare the effect of two different doses in reducing the need for a repeat prescription of steroids for an asthma attack in the 2 weeks after the first treatment. The investigators will also look at how often children attend the ED or their GP after being given treatment as well as the acceptability to parents and children. Although this study may provide an answer to the question of whether the different doses have the same effect, the investigators believe that a larger study will be needed to provide robust generalisable evidence, as well as to ensure that the outcomes are truly what matters to parents, children and healthcare professionals. This study will provide valuable information to enable a larger study to be undertaken.

Recent studies have highlighted the comparative advantages of perineural dexamethasone, particularly regarding its safety profile and its ability to prolong analgesia in various peripheral nerve blocks. A recent systematic review demonstrated that perineural administration of dexamethasone significantly extends the duration of analgesia compared to intravenous administration. The mechanism of action of perineural dexamethasone remains unclear. Moreover, there is a lack of research comparing the systemic absorption of local anesthetics administered perineurally with or without dexamethasone, and the systemic absorption and bioavailability of dexamethasone when used as a perineural adjuvant have not been studied. Objective: This study aims to compare plasma concentrations of bupivacaine following a single-shot interscalene block with dexamethasone administered either perineurally or intravenously. Methodology: A prospective, randomized, double-blind trial will be conducted involving 40 patients undergoing shoulder surgery requiring a single-shot interscalene block. Each patient will receive 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine combined with 8 mg of dexamethasone administered either perineurally or intravenously. Venous blood samples (5 mL) will be collected at 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 120, and 240 minutes post-block, and one sample at discharge, to measure plasma concentrations of both enantiomers of bupivacaine (D(+)-bupivacaine and L(-)-bupivacaine) and dexamethasone. Outcomes: The study will compare plasma levels of bupivacaine between groups, characterize the pharmacokinetics of bupivacaine and dexamethasone, and assess block duration and opioid consumption.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn the effect of Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination on Post op. GIT Function Measured by I-FFED Score Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy What medical problems do participants have when taking Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine? Researchers will compare Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine and Their Combination to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see the effect on Post op. GIT Function Measured by I-FFED Score Post Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Participants will receive Dexamethasone 8 mg IV + Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia. Participants will receive Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg /kg IV + Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia. Participants will receive Dexamethasone 8 mg IV + Dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg IV+ Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia. Participants will receive Saline IV (total volume 10 ml) over 10 minutes administered after induction of anesthesia

This study aims to compare the efficacy of adding dexamethasone and magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in bilateral erector spinae block in postoperative pain control in patients undergoing caesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Surgery is the front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but postoperative complications remains high and patients' long-term outcome is still challenging. In addition to surgery, anesthetic management particularly intraoperative blood pressure management and use of dexamethasone may affect patients' early and long-term outcomes after surgery for NSCLC. This study aims to investigate the impact of intraoperative blood pressure management and dexamethasone administration on early and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common consequence of ambulatory surgery, affecting up to 80% of high-risk patients and 20-30% overall. Despite being widespread, a prior survey found that patients are more averse to PONV than pain and other significant postoperative problems. Furthermore, even mild cases of PONV can have serious repercussions, such as postanesthesia care unit (PACU) workflow disruption, delayed discharges, higher medical costs, and lower patient satisfaction.PONV following intraocular surgery can be unpleasant and may lead to serious complications including suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH). SCH is a potentially serious condition that occurs when the posterior ciliary arteries or vortex veins burst, resulting in blood in the suprachoroidal region. The hypothesis is that dexamethasone will lower the incidence of PONV after cataract surgery when compared with metoclopramide.

The administration of steroids, most commonly dexamethasone (DEX), has established as standard of care during treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) and is widely used during the entire course of the disease including pre- and postoperative management, chemo- and radiotherapy. The primary purpose is to reduce tumor-associated vasogenic edema and to prevent or treat increased intracranial pressure. However, steroids are also linked to a multitude of adverse side effects that may affect survival of GBM patients such as major immunosuppression. The use of steroids during radiotherapy is associated with reduced overall- and progression-free survival and has been identified as an independent poor prognostic factor. Despite these findings, the suspicion of GBM often triggers the administration of DEX in routine clinical practice, regardless of neurological symptoms, tumor size, or extension of cerebral edema. The purpose of this study is to assess whether selected GBM patients can be treated safely with a restrictive DEX regimen from referral to the neurosurgical center until discharge. The primary objective is to determine the failure rate of a restrictive DEX regimen defined as edema or mass effect leading to any of the following: GCS deterioration ≥ 2 points, NIHSS increase ≥ 3 points, increase of midline Shift ≥ 2mm, or any surgical rescue procedure for increasing mass effect.

The aim of the present study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of Dexmedetomidine, Ozone and Dexamethasone regional injection in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Effect of pre-medication with anti-inflammatory drugs(ibuprofen and dexamethasone)on Post-Endodontic pain with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

The aim of the study is to compare between the role of dapagliflozin versus dexamethasone in pre-operative management of non-diabetic glioma patients on levetiracetam as anti-seizure drug.

In this study the investigators aim to compare the effect of the suprascapular- supraclavicular nerve block in association with dexamethasone to that of the interscalene brachial plexus block on analgesic effect during arthroscopic shoulder surgery, as postoperative pain scores ,postoperative consumption of analgesic rescue medications and diaphragmatic excursion assessment.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of the drugs dexamethasone, tocilizumab and anakinra in healthy male subjects aged 18 to 35 undergoing experimental endotoxemia. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What are the effects of these drugs on the development of immunoparalysis in a repeated human endotoxemia model? * What is the extent of the neuroinflammatory response and how do these drugs affect neuroinflammation in a repeated human endotoxemia model? Researchers will compare these drugs to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug). Participants will visit the Intensive Care research department on two or five occasions (screening included): * The intervention group will receive an LPS challenge twice, with a week in between. Before the first LPS challenge, one of the described drugs will be administered. Blood, saliva and tear fluid will be collected regularly during the LPS challenge. Cerebrospinal fluid will also be collected through a catheter in the spinal cord. * The control group will not receive an LPS challenge or drug administration and will have only one study day. During this day, blood, saliva, tear fluid and cerebrospinal fluid will be collected as regularly as during the LPS challenge of the intervention group. During an LPS challenge, the investigators mimic blood poisoning by giving an endotoxin, also called LPS. This is a small part of the cell wall of a bacteria. This will cause transient flu-like symptoms for 3-4 hours.

The goal of this clinical trial is to determine the effects of intravenous (IV) dexamethasone on spinal anesthesia in healthy women having an elective Cesarean delivery (CD) at the IWK Health Centre. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. What effect does IV dexamethasone have on the resolution of motor blockade in patients having spinal anesthesia for elective CDs? 2. What effect does IV dexamethasone have on the sensory recovery of spinal blockade, the total hydromorphone requirement in the first 24 h postoperatively, the incidence of pruritis perioperatively, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting? The spinal anesthesia technique will be standardized and will be administered as per routine care at IWK Health. Computer generation will randomize patients to either Group SD, who will receive IV dexamethasone, or group SM who will receive IV metoclopramide, an alternative anti-emetic, immediately after spinal anesthesia by the attending anesthesia provider. Each patient will receive ondansetron, a second anti- emetic as recommended for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol. Participant sensation, pain, nausea, pruritus, and motor blockade will be assessed in recovery. The patient's sensation and Bromage score will be assessed every 15 minutes until sensation is reached at L3 and a Bromage score of 4 is achieved. The investigators will determine if there is a difference between groups regarding motor blockade, the length of time of spinal anesthesia, and side effects after CD.