Inflammatory Response

Sepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction that is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Severe sepsis is the most common cause of death among critically ill patients in non-coronary intensive care units (ICU). Sustained excessive inflammation and immune dysfunction have been confirmed to play a key role in organ damage and early death of sepsis patients. Therefore, it is important to reduce excessive inflammatory response mediated by immune cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of sepsis. Single-cell RNA sequencing performed on both septic patients and mice suggest that changes in Tcm (CD3+ CD8+ CD44+ CD127+ CD62L+) and Tem (CD3+ CD8+ CD44+ CD127+ CD62L -) in the acute phase of sepsis may play an important role in sepsis. In addition, animal researches showed that Tcm and Tem decreased decreased continuously at 24, 48 and 72h after cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) in mice, and the adoptive transfer of Tcm , sorting from spleen of mice 24h after CLP , but not Tem improved 7-day survival rate of sepsis mice. This observational study is aimed to investigate the quantity and proliferation of Tcm and Tem in the acute phase of sepsis and their correlation with severity level and mortality of septic patients in ICU.

This study aims to investigate the effects of resistance training (RT) with different training volumes on immune modulation and anti-inflammatory responses in older adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three RT volume groups (low, medium, or high) or a non-exercise control group. Participants in the training groups will complete a 4-week RT program, followed by a 4-week detraining phase. The findings are expected to provide evidence for volume-specific RT prescriptions to support healthy aging.

The study design consists of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of low dose endotoxin. Individuals with current AUD (n=32) and matched controls without AUD (n=32) will be randomly assigned to receive a single intravenous (I.V.) infusion of either low dose endotoxin (0.8 ng/kg of body weight) or placebo (same volume of 0.9% saline solution) to determine the acute and protracted role of inflammation in alcohol use.

This project investigates the impact of Daoist Zhanzhuang (sometimes spelled as Chan Chuang) on human flourishing, and explores the physiological, psychological, and spiritual mechanisms. This study will be a two-arm randomized controlled trial, with mixed-methods and repeated-measures assessment of outcome variables. The two arms will include an active control condition (i.e., sham wall squat) and the Daoist Zhanzhuang condition. Outcome variables will include physiological measures of heart rate variability and inflammatory biomarkers, psychological scales of human flourishing variables, phenomenological interviews of mystical experiences, and daily ecological momentary assessment of human flourishing and mysticism. Randomly assigned into two conditions, 120 participants will complete a three-week intensive practice phase with 9 in-person sessions, followed by a nine-week self-guided practice phase with 4 in-person check-in sessions, and 3 follow-up practice and assessment sessions. Complete assessment (physiological measures, psychological scales, and phenomenological interviews) will be administered at five time points: T1 at about two weeks before the intervention, T2 at the end of the three-week intensive practice, T3 at the end of the 3-month intervention, T4 at the 6-month follow-up, and T5 at the 12-month follow-up. In addition, daily ecological momentary assessment of flourishing variables and practice-induced experiences will be administered daily after the practice for the entire 3-month intervention period.

This study will focus on examining the potential impact of menthol flavoring in cigarettes on biomarkers of systemic inflammation as a subclinical indicator of cardiovascular disease risk.

The goal of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial is to investigate the immunological effects of influenza vaccination outside of the influenza season on arterial inflammation in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The primary objective is to compare the effects of influenza vaccination to those of a placebo in reducing post-myocardial infarction coronary inflammation as measured by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). The main questions it aims to answer are: Does influenza vaccination reduce arterial inflammation as measured by CCTA at week 8 after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in comparison to baseline? Does influenza vaccination modulate systemic inflammation as measured by blood biomarkers and in-vitro challenge tests at week 8 after PCI in comparison to baseline? Researchers will compare the effects of influenza vaccination with those of a placebo.

The fluctuating concentrations of female sex hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone may have an effect on the ability of the tissue to withstand challenging exercise conditions, such as eccentric exercise. These sex hormones have also been purported to influence the perceived difficulty of exercise. This study aims to uncover how the different estrogen and progesterone concentrations present throughout the menstrual cycle effect perceived readiness to perform, perceptions of difficulty, and different recovery metrics.

The purposes of the study are to quantify and compare relationships among acute changes in inflammatory markers and evoked pain sensitivity after a high-fat meal (HFM) challenge, compared to a moderate-fat meal challenge, and explore the influence of body composition on these responses, in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

The goal of this clinical trial is to study how physical exercise works when applied to patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The main questions it aims to answer are: * What are the antiinflammatory and oxidative stress and neural mechanisms involved in the antidepressant effects of exercise? * How effective is a physical exercise program in MDD patients in real-life conditions? The experimental group will receive an exercise intervention as an add-on to their usual treatment (antidepressant treatment prescribed by the attending specialist). Researchers will compare to a control group, which will only receive standard treatment (antidepressant treatment prescribed by the attending specialist) and will be instructed to not change their usual physical activity. The aim is to see if a physical exercise intervention would induce a significant improvement in depressive symptoms and which mechanisms are responsible for this result.

In this study, our aim is to investigate the role of tranexamic acid for modulating the inflammation in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Perioperative hypothermia is a frequent and preventable complication that may cause adverse outcomes such as increased blood loss, impaired coagulation, and delayed recovery. Various active warming techniques are used to maintain normothermia during anesthesia; however, their comparative effects on systemic inflammatory responses remain unclear. This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effects of different intraoperative warming methods on hematologic inflammatory indices - including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) - in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. A total of eligible adult patients will be randomly assigned into four groups according to the intraoperative warming method applied: Control Group: No active warming applied. Forced-Air Warming (FAW) Group: Warming blanket system used throughout surgery. Fluid Warming (FW) Group: Intravenous fluids warmed to maintain normothermia. Combined Warming (FAW + FW) Group: Both forced-air and fluid warming applied simultaneously. Core body temperature and perioperative data will be recorded. Venous blood samples will be obtained preoperatively and 24 hours postoperatively to calculate inflammatory indices. The primary objective is to determine whether active intraoperative warming techniques modulate postoperative inflammatory markers compared to no warming. Secondary outcomes include intraoperative temperature trends, recovery times, and the incidence of hypothermia-related complications. The results are expected to identify the most effective warming strategy to minimize inflammation and optimize postoperative recovery in laparoscopic procedures.

All patients will be completed collection of demographic data, clinical data, and be observed for inflammatory organ damage, oxygenation index or SpO2/ FIO2, WBC, NEU, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 (IL-1β/6/8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), myoglobin (Myo), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), APACHE II score, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin, Murray lung injury score, serum creatinine, eGFR, mechanical ventilation time, ICU length of stay, drug-related gastrointestinal reactions, and 30-day and 90-day all-cause mortality, among other indicators.

Studies have shown that excessive systemic inflammatory response and concomitant immunosuppression are the main cause of early death in patients with sepsis. Therefore, it is very important to reduce excessive inflammation and improve immunosuppression in the acute phase of sepsis. Clinical studies have shown that esketamine combined with propofol for sedation has been proven to be safe and effective for septic patients in the ICU due to its cardiovascular stability. Previous studies have demonstrated that esketamine has anti-inflammatory effects against depression and surgical stress. Our preliminary experimental studies have found that esketamine had strong anti-inflammatory effects in the acute phase of sepsis. However, it is not clear whether esketamine could reduce excessive inflammation and improve immunosuppression in septic patients primarily sedated with a continuous infusion of propofol. This intervention study is to investigate whether three consecutive days of intravenous esketamine infusions via infusion pump (0.07 mg/kg/h) could reduce excessive inflammation and improve immunosuppression in septic patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU under sedation primarily with propofol.

The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of Iso-alpha Acids and Xanthohumol from hops on the immune response in overweight participants.

The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of Iso-alpha-Acids and Xanthohumol from hops on the immune response of healthy participants over a timeframe of 6 hours.

Even though the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer at its peak, the threat still lingers. Engaging in prospective surveillance studies will enable us to monitor the disease and prepare for any potential resurgence. COVID-19 surveillance studies are essential tools for policymakers to make informed decisions, allocate resources, and develop strategies to control the spread of the virus and protect public health. The objective of this surveillance study is to prospectively assess in-hospital severe morbidity related to COVID-19 infection in children who present to the Pediatric Emergency Department (ED). A prospective multicenter study will be conducted across eight EDs in Israel and five EDs in the United Kingdom. The study population will include children aged 16 years or younger with a severe acute COVID-19 infection. Confirmation of acute COVID-19 infection will be based on polymerase chain reaction nasopharyngeal swab testing. The study will also include patients diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), as defined by the CDC.

A physiological human nutrition includes circadian feeding and nighttime fasting during sleep. There is increasing evidence, that this natural fasting episode over nighttime majorly contributes to repair processes of the human body. So far, intensive care patients are normally enterally fed continuously, so that there is no circadian nutrition and no nighttime fasting. An enteral nutrition for 12 hours followed by a fasting period of 12 hours supported by exogenous ketone salts potentially improves the reconstitution of ICU patients compared to ICU patients who are continuously enterally fed.

In acute coronary syndrome (ACS), there is an increase in cortisol levels, as an expression of the stress response, and C-reactive protein, as an expression of the inflammatory response, which are in turn associated with changes in the components of cellular immunity, and ultimately are predictors of clinical events. The objective of this study is to demonstrate that, within the frame of reference of ACS, beyond the thrombotic phenomenon that leads to ischemia and myocardial necrosis, there is an activation of an inflammatory and stress response, evidenced by an elevation of CRP and cortisol, respectively, and sequentially modifications in the components of cellular immunity in peripheral blood that convey prognostic value during hospitalization and after discharge. A prospective, observational, analytical, unicentric study of consecutive patients with ACS, with telephone follow-up to 6 months, will be carried out. For 2 years, all eligible patients admitted with a diagnosis of ACS to the Coronary Care Unit of the Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín in Buenos Aires will be registered consecutively.

This observational cohort study aims to compare clinical outcomes and inflammatory responses between patients with viral sepsis, specifically COVID-19-associated sepsis, and those with bacterial sepsis. Conducted at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, the study will retrospectively analyze data from ICU patients admitted between July 2021 and December 2023. The primary objective is to identify reliable biomarkers and diagnostic methods to improve patient outcomes through personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

This project aims to develop a novel method for identifying early tissue damage related to pressure ulcer (PU) development in vulnerable patients by measuring biomarkers of inflammation on the skin surface. PUs are common and costly injuries that result from prolonged pressure on the skin. Current methods to assess PU risk are unreliable, and the mechanisms of PU development are not well understood. This project contributes to new knowledge of PU etiology as well as the individual variability at a molecular level combined with new knowledge about nursing actions and clinical factors linked to PU progression and outcomes of prevention. The project will use non-invasive techniques and model-based analysis to identify specific biomolecules that reflect individual susceptibility to pressure exposure in different PU risk scenarios.