Intraoperative Complications

To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the neural network in predicting complications of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction in a multi-center cross-sectional study.

The study will enroll patients scheduled for PPGL removal surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Before surgery, researchers will use a 6-variable model to predict the patient's risk of experiencing severe blood pressure swings during the operation. During surgery, a real-time early warning tool will be tested for its ability to accurately predict blood pressure changes 60 seconds in advance. The study will also explore the value of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in understanding blood pressure fluctuations and evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) agent for preoperative anesthesia assessment, comparing its accuracy, consistency, and efficiency against that of human anesthesiologists. Participation involves no changes to the patient's standard surgical or medical care. It includes collecting clinical data, wearing a CGM sensor from the day before to the day after surgery, and having the preoperative assessment performed by both the AI agent and anesthesiologists.

The goal of this observational study is to learn whether global longitudinal strain (GLS), measured by echocardiography, can predict difficulty separating from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in adults undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Can preoperative GLS measurement predict difficult separation from CPB? * Are GLS values associated with outcomes such as intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospital stay, cardiac biomarkers, or 30-day mortality? Participants will: * Undergo standard cardiac surgery requiring CPB * Have echocardiographic assessments (TTE before and after surgery) * Have their recovery and outcomes monitored, including ICU and hospital stay, postoperative labs, and survival within 30 days

This prospective randomized controlled clinical study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel Vortex Intelligence Stone Optimized Removal (VISOR,The experimental group) system compared to a single-use ureterorenoscope (the control) for treating upper urinary tract stones. A total of 100 patients with upper urinary tract stones (cumulative stone diameter ≤3 cm) will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the experimental group (n=50) or the control group (n=50). The experimental group will undergo surgery using the innovative system, which integrates irrigation-suction, pressure monitoring-regulation, and lithotripsy-evacuation functions. The control group will be treated with a conventional single-use ureterorenoscope. The primary outcome measure is the immediate stone-free rate (SFR), defined as the proportion of patients with residual fragments \<4 mm on renal non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) performed within 24 hours postoperatively. Key secondary endpoints include the SFR at 3 months, operative and lithotripsy times, total laser energy used, intraoperative ureteral injury (Traxer grading), postoperative pain scores, incidence of fever (\>38.0°C), and overall complication rates (Clavien-Dindo classification). Patient follow-up assessments will be conducted at 24 hours, 21±7 days, and 90±14 days post-surgery to monitor stone clearance, complications, and recovery. This study seeks to determine if the novel system offers superior stone clearance while maintaining a safe renal pelvic pressure profile, potentially improving outcomes for patients with larger renal stones treated ureteroscopically.

In this study, the investigators will evaluate cerebral blood flow before and after drug infusion using ultrasound to suggest blood pressure criteria and dosage of ephedrine, a vasopressor, to maintain adequate cerebral blood flow in neonates and infants undergoing surgery and anesthesia.