Intubation

Cesarean section under general anesthesia requires intubation (insertion of a tube through the mouth into the breathing pipe to support breathing during the surgery). A device called a video laryngoscope is used, which has a smooth, curved, or less curved component called 'a blade' that helps the doctor gently see the voice box and guide the breathing tube safely into place during anesthesia; it is not a sharp tool blade. There are two types of video laryngoscopes blades: a Macintosh- style blade with a gentle curve, approximately 90 degrees) and a hyperangulated blade (with a more pronounced curve). Although video laryngoscopes are safe and both types have been used for around 20 years, it is not known whether one type works better that the other in patients undergoing cesarean delivery under general anesthesia. Because general anesthesia is used in only a small proportion (about 5%) of all cesarean deliveries, research in this area is limited. The main purpose of the study is to assess if a study comparing these two types of blades in the obstetric population is feasible. This is also known as a feasibility study, which aims to test the study plan and determine whether enough participants will join a larger study and accept the study procedures. The results will be used as a guide for a larger study.

This study is a single-center, prospective, randomized interventional clinical trial designed to evaluate the effect of the jaw thrust maneuver on glottic visualization, tracheal tube delivery, and overall intubation characteristics during videolaryngoscopic intubation under general anesthesia.

Many newborn babies have difficulty breathing. When babies need a lot of help, a doctor will intubate them - i.e. put a tube into their windpipe (trachea) - so that they can be given support with a breathing machine. Intubation is a difficult procedure, during which many babies have falls in their blood oxygen levels and heart rate. When doctors intubate babies, they use a device called a laryngoscope to identify the entrance to the windpipe. A standard laryngoscope has a light at its tip. When doctors use this device, they insert it into the baby's mouth and then look directly into the mouth to find the entrance (direct laryngoscopy). Less than half of first attempts to insert a tube are successful using this device. More recently, video laryngoscopes have been developed. These devices also have a camera at the tip and display a magnified view of the entrance to the windpipe on a screen. A study at one hospital showed that the doctors there inserted the tube at the first attempt more often when they used a video laryngoscope instead of a standard laryngoscope. This study was not large enough to see whether fewer babies had low oxygen levels or heart rate during the procedure. The goal of this clinical trial is to see whether more newborn babies are intubated at the first attempt without falls in their blood oxygen levels or heart rate when the doctors use video laryngoscopy compared to direct laryngoscopy. Hospitals where doctors routinely intubate babies by looking directly into the mouth will take part in the NEU-VODE study. From the start of the study, the doctors at each hospital will continue with their usual approach to intubation and collect information about intubation attempts. As the study progresses, the doctors at each participating hospital will switch one--by-one to routinely attempting intubation with a video laryngoscope. The date on which they switch will be determined by chance. By the end of the study, each hospital will have had a study period where babies were routinely intubated using direct laryngoscopy and video laryngoscopy. At the end of the study, the information collected from all the babies intubated during the study will be compared to see if more babies were successfully intubated at the first attempt without falls in their blood oxygen levels or heart rate in the video laryngoscopy group.

This study compares two different methods of helping patients breathe by placing a tube in their airway (intubation) in an emergency setting. These methods are called Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI) and Delayed Sequence Intubation (DSI). The study focuses on adult patients who are still breathing on their own but need a breathing tube for medical reasons not related to an injury (non-trauma). The main goal of the research is to compare: * Oxygen levels before and after the procedure. * The patient's vital signs (such as heart rate and blood pressure). * The number of attempts needed to successfully place the tube and the time the procedure takes. * Blood gas results and any complications that occur during or shortly after the procedure. * Early survival (mortality) rates. While there are previous studies on trauma patients or small observational reports, there is currently no large-scale, multicenter randomized controlled trial that includes all non-trauma adult patients. What makes this study unique? Confirmation of Tube Placement: Researchers will use a specific measurement called end-tidal CO2 (etCO2) to confirm the tube is in the right place, a method not used in similar previous studies. Assessing Difficulty: This study will use the Cormack-Lehane classification system to measure how difficult the intubation was for each patient. Standardization: For the first time, breathing machine (ventilator) settings will be standardized for all patients in this type of study. Real-World Practice: By involving all emergency department physicians as practitioners, the study aims to show how these methods work across a wide range of medical teams.

Laryngoscopy and intubation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy often cause sudden increases in heart rate and blood pressure, which can be harmful in some patients. Medications such as labetalol and lignocaine are commonly used to reduce this hemodynamic response. This randomized controlled trial at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, will compare intravenous labetalol (0.25 mg/kg) and lignocaine (1.5 mg/kg), administered 3 minutes before laryngoscopy. A total of 116 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy will be randomly assigned to either drug group. The primary goal is to determine which drug is more effective in keeping heart rate and mean arterial pressure within ±20% of baseline during and after intubation. The study will also record blood pressure trends, intubation details, rescue medications, and adverse events such as bradycardia or hypotension. Results will help guide anesthesiologists in selecting the safer and more effective option to maintain cardiovascular stability during surgery.

This study aimed to compare the Silverman-Andersen score and the Downes score in predicting noninvasive ventilation (NIPPV) failure in preterm and term infants who received NIPPV support due to postnatal respiratory distress, as well as to evaluate the agreement of these scoring systems with other methods used to assess the severity of respiratory distress. The present study was designed as a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted with neonates undergoing noninvasive ventilation.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of increasing preoperative timing of single dexmedetomidine on the stress response of laryngoscopy and intubation.

Tracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with high incidence of difficult intubation and complications. Videolaryngoscopes (VLs) devices have been proposed to improve airway management, and the use of VLs are recommended as first-line or after a first-attempt failure using direct laryngoscopy in ICU airway management algorithms. Although until relatively few years ago there were doubts about whether videolaryngoscopes had advantages over direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation (ETI) in critically ill patients, two recent studies (DEVICE (1), INTUBATE (2)), and a Cochrane review (3) have confirmed that videolaryn should be used?, and what is the best blade? . There are two types of blades commonly used with videolaryngoscopes: the "Macintosh" blade with a slight curvature, and hyperangulated blades. The "Macintosh" blades have a lower angle of vision, but they have the advantage of being similar to the blades commonly used in direct laryngoscopy, making them easy to use for the person performing the ETI. Hyperangulated blades have a greater angle of vision, improving glottic visualization, especially in patients with an anterior glottis. However, the need to overcome this angulation could potentially hinder the passage of the endotracheal tube to the vocal cords. It is unknown if either blade has any advantage for intubating critically ill patients.

Endotracheal intubation is a respiratory management technique used during general anesthesia. It is essential for certain surgical procedures as it ensures a secure airway for the patient. However, during the placement of the endotracheal tube, the passage of the tube through the vocal cords can cause pain stimulation, leading to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Lidocaine reversibly blocks the conduction of nerve impulses along nerve fibers by preventing the movement of sodium ions across the nerve membrane. Topical application of lidocaine near the vocal cords before endotracheal tube placement may be a way to reduce the surgical pleth index and changes in vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure) caused by excessive endotracheal tube stimulation. This study aims to investigate the benefit of topical spraying of lidocaine on the vocal cords before endotracheal tube placement during routine da Vinci surgery. The primary outcomes were the pharmacological effects of spraying either lidocaine or normal saline (control group) on the vocal cords. These included: post-intubation hypertension (defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure of more than 20% from baseline), changes in mean arterial pressure before and after intubation, and objective pain indices such as the Surgical Pleth Index. Secondary outcomes included post-intubation hypotension (defined as mean arterial pressure less than 70 mmHg), as well as postoperative complaints and severity of sore throat, pain on swallowing, and hoarseness.

This clinical study aims to investigate the effects of breathing tubes, which we use to connect children aged 1-11 to a respiratory device under general anesthesia in the operating room, on intracranial pressure after they are inserted. No changes will be made to routine anesthesia practices for this purpose, and eye examinations will be performed with an USG device. This study has no undesirable effects or risks. This study does not include any invasive procedures. You have the right to refuse to participate in the study. You have the right to withdraw from the study at any time. If you decide not to participate in the study for any reason, there will be no disruption to your treatment. You will not be liable for any financial loss if you participate in the study, and you will not be paid. Your identity will be kept confidential if you participate in the study.

The goal of this experimental study is to understand if endotracheal tube (ETT) suctioning increases pain and causes stress on the body in intubated adult ICU patients. These patients are already on ventilators, which means they need suctioning to keep their airways clear, but this procedure may be uncomfortable and cause stress. The main questions this study aims to answer are: Does ETT suctioning raise pain levels as measured by the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)? Does ETT suctioning increase certain chemicals in the blood (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid) that show stress and lack of oxygen in the body? Researchers will compare patients who have ETT suctioning (intervention group) with those who do not have suctioning during the study period (control group) to see if there are differences in pain and blood markers of stress. Participants will: Have pain measured before and after suctioning using the CPOT. Have blood samples taken from an existing line at three time points: 5 minutes before, 5 minutes after, and 30 minutes after suctioning. Provide demographic information (like age, gender, and diagnosis) from medical records. This research will help improve how pain is managed for ICU patients who cannot speak for themselves, potentially leading to better pain relief methods in the future.

The effect of symptom improvement of nasal steam strategy compared to routine management strategy for upper respiratory symptoms occurring after endotracheal intubation in patients aged 19 years or older who underwent surgical removal under anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation was evaluated by the difference in the results of Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey

This study aims to develop a comprehensive airway assessment score including traditional bedside clinical tests and ultrasound measurements with high accuracy in predicting difficult airway, and to validate it through testing it on a large population sample. The main question it aims to answer is: Is the comprehensive scoring system that includes clinical bedside and ultrasound measurements developed to predict difficult airways valid in a large population sample? Adult patients undergoing general anesthesia with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification 1-4 will be recruited. Traditional and ultrasound measurements will be collected.

Fiberoptic intubation was first described in the late 1960s and has since become an effective and well-established technique for airway management in awake, sedated, and anesthetized patients. This technique is especially useful in patients with known or suspected difficult airways such as those with limited mouth opening, reduced neck mobility, cervical spine injury, obesity, or an elevated risk for aspiration. The benefits of fiberoptic intubation also include fewer complications such as tooth injury and oropharyngeal bleeding; and the opportunity for optimal positioning of double-lumen tubes in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Anesthesiologists may be confronted with situations in which patients in a lateral position during surgery experience an accidental loss of airway patency. Intubation with direct laryngoscopy is more challenging and time-consuming in patients in the lateral position than in the supine position, particularly when there is an abrupt loss of airway patency, as demonstrated by prior research. These observations suggest that there is an unmet need for a reliable method of airway management for patients in the lateral position. Although the airway is of a larger caliber and ventilation renders less peak and better oxygenation when patients are in the lateral position, glottic view was unfavorable for intubation when Macintosh direct laryngoscope was used in this position. This could be the reason why such a procedure is unfamiliar in anesthesia even when it is the most needed in special situations. Flexible fiberoptic intubation in lateral position would be convenient in emergency situations like accidental extubation during surgery or inadequate regional anesthesia requiring general anesthesia. Flexible fiberoptic intubation in lateral position would be of significant assistance in neurosurgical patients especially those with occipital lesions and patients with difficult airway scores with limited mouth opening or neck extension. After thorough literature review, we found that studies comparing flexible video-assisted fiberoptic intubation in the lateral versus supine position in pediatrics are lacking.

Securing the airway through endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a fundamental skill for anaesthetists. It is used during surgery, in the intensive care unit, during periprocedural anaesthesia and in emergency medicine. The clinical relevance of airway management is demonstrated in particular by the fact that the main cause of serious anaesthesia-related complications lies in the area of airway management. increasing technological developments in recent years (e.g. video laryngoscopy \[VL\]) aim to reduce the complication rate in the area of airway management. however, there are currently a large number of VLs available, which differ massively in their application. Therefore, it is essential to systematically collect data and develop structured training in airway management, taking into account current technological developments.While endotracheal intubation is traditionally performed with a direct laryngoscope, indirect video laryngoscopy, with chip-based camera technology at its tip, has been introduced across the board in recent years and is now part of standard clinical and preclinical equipment. Doctors in advanced training are trained with a focus on direct laryngoscopy; the use of and training in indirect video laryngoscopy does not follow any standards; in addition, the decision as to which method of securing the airway is chosen has so far been the responsibility of the individual doctor in anaesthesiology, although there is a tendency for the VL to be associated with a higher success rate in the first intubation attempt, the so-called "first-pass success".The main aim of this clinical prospective, randomised controlled trial is to train anaesthetists in advanced training in conventional direct laryngoscopy on the one hand and indirect video laryngoscopy (VL) on the other, with a focus on tracking the progress of their skills after 200 intubations with regard to first-pass success.

The study aims to compare the applied forces during intubation of a newborn manikin with direct and video laryngoscope at different heights of the resuscitation table. Furthermore, the success at the first attempt, the intubation time and participants' opinion on the procedures were investigated. This is an unblinded, randomized, controlled, crossover trial on the applied forces during intubation of a newborn manikin with direct and video laryngoscope at different heights of the resuscitation table.