Clinical trials

Up to 40% of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) experience depression, which increases the risk of early relapse. Depression can cause relapse to occur 3 times faster in individuals with AUD who experience depressive symptoms at discharge. No treatments have been approved for individuals with both AUD and depression. Psilocybin, a psychedelic, shows promising results in treating both depression and addiction. It may be particularly effective for preventing relapse in people with AUD who also have depressive symptoms after detoxification, offering quicker action than traditional antidepressants. The Psilocybin Alcohol Depression (PAD) pilot study, launched in February 2024, has provided critical insights for avoiding methodological flaws and demonstrated that psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is both feasible and acceptable. Preliminary efficacy analyses were conducted: at 12 weeks, the 25 mg group showed significantly greater reductions in drinking days (p = 0.038) and craving frequency (p = 0.045). Relapse rates were 35% in the 25 mg group and 50% in the control group (HR = 0.52 \[0.16-1.65\]). In the ERPPAD trial, the study authors will compare high-dose PAP with low-dose PAP in preventing relapse in individuals with AUD and depressive symptoms. The hypothesis is that high-dose PAP will be more effective than low-dose in preventing relapse over 6 months.

Cerebral haemorrhage represents a minority of acute vascular syndromes (less frequent than ischemic stroke, at around 20%), but with a therapeutic impasse, having no specific treatment. Arterial contrast ("spot sign") within the hematoma has been described in CT scans as a risk factor for further enlargement and poor prognosis. An equivalent marker has also been described in gadolinium-enhanced MRI. By studying the radiological appearance of gadolinium "spot signs" on MRI, which has better parenchymal resolution, the researchers propose to retrace the phenomenology of the acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage in order to better estimate the risk of radiological aggravation by subgroup, which could serve as a target population for future therapeutic trials.

Acute postoperative pain (APOP) is a major public health problem, affecting nearly 10 million patients in France each year. Effective analgesic therapy in the first postoperative week is a key factor in reducing early postoperative morbidity and mortality. Poorly controlled APOP is a major risk factor for chronic postoperative pain. In France today, more and more patients undergo surgical procedures as outpatients. The challenge is to manage postoperative pain in the homes of patients who have undergone increasingly complex surgical procedures, either after outpatient surgery or after a prompt return home as part of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol. In outpatient surgery, postoperative pain management requires new strategies and/or organizational approaches to ensure high-quality pain management from the very start. The principle of analgesia for acute postoperative pain recommends: i) routine, fixed-schedule maintenance therapy; and ii) rescue therapy if maintenance therapy is insufficient, based on pain titration, using mild or strong oral opioids. Postoperative pain is the primary focus of postoperative care but the goal is also to improve postoperative recovery and enhance the patient's overall care. To date, there are no medical telemonitoring devices to support the patient in properly taking their analgesics based on multiple-daily assessments of the efficacy and tolerability of the analgesic treatment, enabling systematic postoperative screening for early and late warning signs of the risk of chronic pain. The Thess Monitoring device, which implements the ANTALGEEK® protocol, (TMA) was developed to optimize the efficiency of outpatient management of acute postoperative pain. It improves patients' adherence to maintenance treatment with adaptive, personalized control of analgesia through better use of opioid rescue therapy, and the reduction of adverse effects associated with improper opioid use (under- or over-dosing). The aim is to ensure optimal pain resolution and improve early and late postoperative recovery during the first postoperative week. The TMA system enables remote monitoring of the efficacy and tolerability of analgesic treatment, as well as early and late warning signs of the risk of chronic pain. By measuring pain scores daily during the first postoperative week, it identifies patients with a suboptimal pain trajectory who are at high risk of developing persistent pain beyond the third month. It also assesses warning signs of the risk of chronic pain (neuropathic pain, persistent opioid use) at intervals following the procedure (Day 8, Month 1, Month 2, Month 3). Improving the patient care pathway via the TMA system should make it possible to better coordinate postoperative follow-up between hospital-based and community-based care.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are classified as emerging Highly Resistant Bacteria (eHRB) because they expose infected patients to the risk of treatment failure due to the strains' resistance to last-line β-lactams, carbapenems, and frequent co-resistance to other classes of antibiotics, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Their high epidemiogenic potential has enabled their global spread. In France, the incidence of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae is rising sharply, both in colonization and in infections. Parallel to this increase, Escherichia coli has become the most common Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (35% of strains in 2024, National Research Committee data), surpassing Klebsiella pneumoniae (24%). The investigators hypothesize that the increase in the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Echerichia coli is associated with a diversification of clones, enzymes, and their variants, and may pose a threefold threat: i) the spread of genes encoding carbapenemases within pathogenic extraintestinal Echerichia coli (ExPEC) pathogroups responsible for urinary tract infections and bacteremias, with a high risk of resistance spreading in the community, ii) the silent spread of Echerichia coli strains producing OXA-48 variants with reduced carbapenem hydrolytic activity, OXA-244 and OXA-484, which are not detected or poorly detected by conventionally used screening media and iii) the emergence of New Dehli Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) variants with high hydrolytic activity, such as NDM-5, within Echerichia coli clones possessing Penicillin-Binding Proteins (PLPs) with low affinity for antibiotics, leading to very high-level resistance and a therapeutic dead end in infected patients.

The experience of amputation leads to a deterioration in quality of life, with undeniable somatic and functional repercussions. The result is a reduction in general mobility, increased metabolic energy requirements and a feeling of discomfort and pain. The rehabilitation objectives focus on improving, or at least maintaining, the range of movement of the lower limbs, strengthening the overall muscles, ensuring that the equipment is correctly adapted, re-training for physical exertion and working on balance and walking. The rehabilitation objectives focus on social inclusion with the equipment, to optimise the return home and promote social and professional reintegration, and therapeutic education. Factors influencing the postoperative resumption of walking in amputees have been identified as key elements in the success of rehabilitation management. These include maintaining joint range of motion before fitting any equipment, combating postoperative loss of muscle mass, managing cardiorespiratory deconditioning and, finally, resuming walking with the aid of equipment, taking account of fluctuating balance. The literature shows that a change in the centre of gravity and postural instability, particularly when changing stance, are responsible for a greater risk of falls in lower-limb amputees. This asymmetry of gait, which is the cause of a greater risk of secondary joint degeneration, is found in both transtibial and transfemoral amputees. This alteration in balance has a direct influence on walking ability, and therefore calls for significant proprioceptive management in the rehabilitation programme. Gait analysis in lower-limb amputees therefore seems essential, both for the purposes of evaluating and monitoring rehabilitation treatment, and for prosthetic selection and adjustment. Three-dimensional assessment of walking in amputees, coupled with force platforms, is the test of choice for providing kinematic, kinetic and spatiotemporal data (motion capture).

Amputation causes somatic and psychological damage. Prognostic factors for postoperative gait recovery include the need for proprioceptive re-education for dynamic balance. Improved gait patterns and use of the prosthesis contribute to an overall improvement in the amputee's autonomy. Virtual reality coupled with movement analysis allows personalization of treatment with objective assessment of progress. The study authors hypothesize that a virtual reality protocol for the dynamic balance of a unilateral transtibial amputee in initial rehabilitation will improve the dynamic balance assessment criteria compared with a conventional rehabilitation protocol.

Fever is the leading reason for outpatient consultations among children aged 2 to 9 years. The main concern in fever is severe bacterial infection, particularly for younger children. History and clinical examination do not always differentiate viral infections from bacterial infection. In 20% of febrile children, no infectious focus is found after examination and additional tests are necessary. The first one is measuring C-reactive protein (CRP). The results are obtained in several hours on an outpatient basis, causing long delays before starting treatment and often requiring telephone calls or further consultations. Emergency room use is constantly increasing, generating growing tensions within healthcare facilities, yet a large number of visits are avoidable. Among children visiting the pediatric emergency room, parents reported being referred by their primary care physician in approximately 20% of cases for children aged 1 to 5 years and in 30% of cases for children under one year old. The use of capillary medical device to measure CRP in primary care could reduce this referral rate and help relieve overcrowding in emergency rooms, as well as unscheduled consultation centers and medical analysis laboratories. This would result in a streamlined care pathway, saving time for both physicians and patients, as well as reducing the cost of care for the healthcare system.

Overexpression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) in patients treated for locally advanced cervical cancer with exclusive radio-chemotherapy may have a prognostic role on the local recurrence rate at 24 months.

Problem gambling (PG) is influenced by environmental, psychological, and socioeconomic factors, including impulsivity, depression, anxiety, and characteristics such as marital status, age, and educational level. In France, approximately 5% of adults are affected by PG. Workers with atypical schedules or periods of inactivity at work are at risk of developing problematic gambling behavior. Stress, burnout, and boredom at work can exacerbate these risks. Working atypical hours, such as night shifts, is linked to mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety, which may increase the risk of PG. However, there is a lack of research on the impact of atypical schedules and periods of inactivity on PG. This research will explore the association between work schedules, periods of inactivity, and PG, particularly among workers who may be influenced by gambling norms and the specific characteristics of their jobs.

Reference MRI scan is recommended 6 months after treatment onset in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and follow-up scans at 12 months later to monitor subclinical activity. When monitoring treatment response in patients treated with disease modifying treatments (DMTs), the measurement of new or enlarging T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions (NELs) is the preferred MRI method supplemented by contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) for monitoring treatment response. However, some studies have suggested the deposition of gadolinium-based contrast agents in the basal ganglia and dentate nucleus of patients who underwent serial MRI acquisitions. Although significant clinical consequences of these deposits have not been demonstrated, further studies are required to better understand the potential long-term biological and clinical effects of gadolinium administration. To circumvent this potential risk, several recommendations suggested avoiding unnecessary use of gadolinium for follow-up scans. New sequences are also developed to replace gadolinium injection for the detection of active lesions. Moreover, MRI remains costly and time-consuming. In addition, systematic yearly MRI monitoring is not adapted to detect silent active lesions. This can delay identification of treatment failure and increase the risk of relapses and disability worsening, especially in the context of escalation therapy. Therefore, biological markers could allow more frequent analysis of disease activity and detect treatment failure earlier than classical clinical and MRI monitoring. Their use would greatly help clinicians to switch for high efficacy treatments (HET) and avoid potential relapses. Measurement of a structural axonal protein, neurofilament, in serum or plasma has shown promise as a marker of neuroaxonal injury and a measure of treatment response. In MS, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament-light chain (NfL) is also increased and is positively associated with MRI lesion load and disability scores and is a marker of treatment response. WThe study authors hypothesize that monthly plasma neurofilament-light chain (pNfL) monitoring can sensitively highlight subclinical (radiological disease activity) RDA by performing early MRI scans to confirm EDA and lead to timely treatment escalation. The main objective of this study is to compare the time to EDA in both arms (monthly pNfL monitoring vs. standard care with regular MRI scans), in patients with EDA.

The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) in the population of patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) confirmed by genetic analysis. Other aims include describing the dermatological clinical manifestations of these patients in order to describe any possible new cutaneous manifestations of this syndrome. Another aim is to use molecular biology (microsatellite instability) and immunohistochemistry to analyze non-sebaceous skin lesions and deep-seated tumors that do not belong to the narrow spectrum of Lynch syndrome, and determine whether their occurrence in these patients is related to the genetic syndrome. The follow-up of these tumors (screening for new tumors) in patients with SL, as recommended by the learned societies, will also be evaluated. Finally, a biobank of cutaneous and deep tumour lesions in paraffin (retrospective) and smears of cutaneous lesions and healthy tissue (prospective) will be set up.

Two groups of patients will be compared: One group of patients with a history of venous thromboembolic disease and one group without. Both groups will be subjected to a walking test and with electrocardiogram measurements and blood tests.

Observation of a cohort of 400 patients with different types of lymphomas.

Obesity is a multifactorial pathology in which external (lifestyle, environment) and internal (psychological or biological, especially genetic) factors are involved. These are responsible for a positive energy balance. One of the external factors that can intervene in the genesis of obesity is the existence of eating disorders: bulimic hyperphagia. Some teams consider bulimic hyperphagia as a form of addiction. After bariatric surgery, the appearance of new addictions has been observed. In connection with Pr Perney's addictology department, the investigators have observed that some patients under treatment for obesity at the endocrinology department subsequently developed other addictions, in particular misuse of alcohol. The hypotheses of this research are : There appears to be a transfer from eating disorders to substance misuse addiction in post-treatment of obesity, particularly in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. The misuse of addictive substances most concerned by this transfer of addiction in the post-treatment of obesity, particularly after bariatric surgery, seems to be the misuse of alcohol. This will be the first French cohort study on addictive behaviors in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and the first international study including non-operated obese patients benefiting from medical care alone. This study will improve the multidisciplinary management of these patients by integrating addictologists.

Heart rate variability reflects the autonomic nervous system on the intrinsic activity of sinus node cells. Sympathetic hyperactivity is an adaptation to stress, while parasympathetic hyperactivity is present at rest. Thus, any variability in the heart frequency rate reflects variations in sympathetic and parasympathetic components in the autonomic nervous system. Failure to return to normal or a reduction in the variability of the heart rate in the postoperative period is correlated with complications in colorectal surgery.

Patient reported outcomes (PRO) measure the health status directly reported by the patients, without external interpretation, generally collected using self-questionnaires, including online tools (ePRO). This approach is useful in early detection of signs of relapse, with reduced anxiety, improved quality of life and survival, and reduced readmissions to emergency departments in patients with advanced cancer. In the current context where hospitalization is increasingly short, the transition from hospital to home is a critical moment that poses a significant safety challenge Patient follow-up strategies help patients return home, particularly in surgery, with telephone calls from a nurse the day after or several days after discharge. In oncology, telephone calls from the pharmacist 3 days after discharge from hospital helped to identify undesirable effects of treatments. In general medicine, these calls have led to improved patient satisfaction, reduced use of emergency departments and the resolution of drug-related problems, but are costly. The introduction of post-hospitalization ePRO monitoring in oncology could ensure effective follow-up while keeping costs under control. A coordinating nurse could manage this process and play a crucial role in accompanying patients when they return home. The study authors aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a transitional nurse consultation and ePRO follow-up on discharge from full hospitalization in oncology in this population of frail and elderly patients.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if adding the iron-binding drug MEX-CD1 to dialysis fluid can help remove excess iron in adults with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis who are in the intensive care unit (ICU). The main questions it aims to answer are: Does adding MEX-CD1 to the dialysis fluid increase the amount of iron removed during dialysis? Is using MEX-CD1 in dialysis fluid safe for patients? Participants will: Be adults in the ICU with sepsis-associated AKI who need continuous dialysis (renal replacement therapy) Receive two 24-hour dialysis sessions: one with standard dialysis fluid and one with dialysis fluid containing MEX-CD1 Serve as their own control, meaning they will receive both treatments Researchers will measure: The amount of iron removed in the dialysis waste fluid (primary outcome) Blood levels of iron Changes in other trace elements Markers of inflammation and oxidative stress Safety outcomes up to 28 days after treatment This is a pilot study being done at a single hospital in France.

Driven by industry demands and the need for anesthesia that consumes fewer resources ("green anesthesia"), manufacturers of anesthesia ventilators have developed closed-circuit ventilators. In a closed-circuit system, during the exhalation phase, gases are not released outside the ventilator into the atmosphere but are injected into the inspiratory limb of the circuit after being warmed and having CO2 removed. It is a closed loop. However, the loop is not completely closed because a very small stream of air is additionally injected into the inspiratory limb to limit the risk of hypoxia. This small stream of air is called "Fresh Gas Flow" or FGF. To optimize this closed-loop recirculation, manufacturers have designed machines capable of minimizing the fresh gas flow. In the 2000s, machines operated with FGFs of 2 L/min, dropping to flows as low as 0.5 L/min by 2010. This low-flow regime allows for an 80% reduction in halogenated gas (sevoflurane) consumption while maintaining the same efficiency. Recently, even more sophisticated machines have been designed with FGFs of 0.3 L/min. Some of these new machines will be commercially available on a large scale in 2026. As part of an industrial partnership, the Nîmes University Hospital has validated the post-CE marking of these machines for certain manufacturers (including General Electric); the post-CE marking allows the manufacturer to have access to usage data Given that this product has only recently been introduced to the market, very little data has been published on the use of sevoflurane in daily practice at very low FGF flow rates (0.3 to 0.5 L/min). For the past four months, the Nîmes University Hospital has had two CE-marked machines (GE, CS 850) capable of ventilating at flow rates of 0.3 L/min. These machines are connected to software (Carestation Insight) that allows all anonymized ventilator data to be recorded independently of the users. This software has been in continuous use in 12 operating rooms since 2024 within our institution and has been the subject of numerous publications (see Ref. 19). All ventilation and sevoflurane data are continuously recorded and stored in a secure, anonymous cloud (Ref. 19). The objective of this retrospective study is to analyze the database of sevoflurane consumption derived from the Carestation Insight software for patients who underwent general anesthesia with ventilation at FGF flow rates of 0.3 L/min and to compare these data with our database of patients under anesthesia at flow rates of 0.5 to 2 L/min, also derived from this same cloud.

Piriformis muscle syndrome (PMS) is characterized by symptoms caused by compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle as it exits the sciatic notch. PMS commonly evokes the symptoms of sciatica and is likely underdisagnosed. Patients who experience pain related to piriformis syndrome will complain of aggravated pain after prolonged periods of sitting or upon rising from a seated position. Around 98% of patients evoke positional buttock pain, especially during prolonged sitting (car journeys, for example). This is less true for sciatic pain radiation, which is still found in 63% of cases, systematically associated with the notion of buttock pain. Treatments for PMS aim to reduce or eliminate sciatic pain and also control buttock pain. Reducing these pains can improve the physical condition and emotional state of the patient. Several approaches have been proposed including physical therapy (massage-physiotherapy, self-rehabilitation techniques) combined with the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics and muscle relaxants to reduce inflammation, spasm and pain. Many patients do not respond to conventional care. Surgery may be considered only in those cases who do not improve with conservative therapy or injections. However, decompressive surgery is an invasive treatment, indicated in case of complete failure of all medical strategies, with physical and functional consequences. In recent years, several published studies showed the use of botulinum toxin (BT) injection as a new therapeutic option to reduce buttock and sciatic pain induced by PMS. The study team previously observed the efficacy of BT/A1 administration into the piriformis muscle in patients who were previously treated with medication and rehabilitation protocols with no pain improvement. Pain relief was considered as "very good" or "good" for 77% of the patients, "average" for 7.4% and "poor" for 15.6%. No adverse events were reported. More recently, Fishman and colleagues reported the results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled study including 56 patients and comparing physical therapy, incobotulinum toxin A and placebo. Data are sparse concerning BT injection for PMS and no multicenter randomized clinical trial have been performed. Two out of three randomized trials (Fishman 2004, 2017) are based on highly selected patients (3 standard deviations or more beyond on the prolongation of the posterior tibial or fibular nerve H-reflex in FAIR test). Therefore, BT efficacy may be overestimated and remains to be evaluated among unselected PMS patients, regardless of analgesic treatments or physical therapy. Finally, no randomized studies have reported the heatlh-related quality of life of PMS patients.

Low back pain is the second most common reason for medical consultation in France and affects 60 to 80% of the working population. Patients with acute episodes of non-specific low back pain recover within 6 to 8 weeks, but recurrence is common and 7 to 10% of patients will experience persistent pain and disability for more than 3 months. Given their low efficacy and the risks associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids (nearly 60% of all opioids prescribed in the United States), the scientific literature does not support the use of pharmacological treatments. The international recommendations strongly suggest using non-pharmacological therapies, including physical exercise, rehabilitation, and spinal manipulation.Spinal manipulation (SM) is a common choice of therapy in primary care. In the patient's imagination "getting manipulated when in pain leads to heavy use of these manual therapies in a medical (manual medicine and medical osteopathy) or non-medical setting (manual therapy, osteopathy, and chiropractic). However, the evidence of effectiveness is weak in the chronic phase (only in the short term) and contradictory for the acute or subacute phases of low back pain. Pain and function are improved at 6 weeks, but the results are not clinically relevant. There is a lack of evidence regarding efficacy because the trials on spinal manipulations are of poor quality. A meta-analysis has recently reported that SMs are associated with a very limited risk of harm, making them a reasonable treatment option. Therefore, it seems necessary to demonstrate the specific effect of MVs in order to justify their use in primary care, support their wider use around the world, and reinforce recommendations for non-pharmacological treatment of low back pain.

Routine revascularization of asymptomatic carotid stenosis is questionable as optimal medical therapy has significantly reduced the risk of stroke. Therefore, it is crucial to identify high-risk patients who may still benefit from carotid revascularization. In 2017, the ESC guidelines clarified the criteria associated with a high risk of stroke despite optimal treatment to consider a revascularization procedure, including altered cerebral vasoreactivity. However, cerebral vasoreactivity using transcranial Doppler ultrasound is reserved for qualified centers. It requires a technical platform and trained personnel, is time-consuming and generally not readily available. A simpler test is therefore necessary. The goal is to quickly and easily detect patients with normal vasoreactivity who do not benefit from the cerebral vasoreactivity test (reference standard) and to reserve the time-consuming cerebral vasoreactivity test for patients likely to have altered vasoreactivity. The hypothesis of the study is that on a routine measure in transcranial echo-Doppler, the resistance index (RI), can predict the response to the cerebral vasoreactivity test. With this new test, it will be possible to select patients who do not benefit from pharmacological cerebral vasoreactivity testing ("true negatives"). Thus, the time-consuming cerebral vasoreactivity test will be reserved only for patients with a possibility of impaired vasoreactivity.

Lumbar surgery is the most common treatment for chronic disabling low back pain with degenerative disc disease. There are few elements to objectively evaluate the improvement of the motor control after surgery and the motor adaptation capacities of the patients. The impact of lumbar surgery on complexity in this painful context has never been studied. Theoretically, the restriction of mobility imposed by lumbar surgery should limit the subject's adaptive capacities (of one or more lumbar segments) and thus reduce complexity. Nevertheless, improvement in pain intensity levels could allow the patient to find better motor adaptation capacities, necessary for a positive evolution in the long-term. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of gait complexity in chronic low back pain patients pre- and post-surgery. If surgery improves the adaptability of walking through an antalgic benefit exceeding the induced stiffness, the complexity of walking should be superior after surgery. This is a proof-of-concept study in which the study investigators hypothesize that measuring complexity by fractal analysis during a walking task will show the increase in gait complexity induced by lumbar surgery at 3 and 6 months after surgery.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, testing primarily relied on the use of nasopharyngeal swabs to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for the disease. However, this technique has several limitations, including the variable quality of swabs, its invasive nature, and arbitrariness in the choice of the number of cycles. Furthermore, it does not allow for the detection of viral proteins. To overcome these limitations, researchers developed the eBAM-CoV test, patented for the detection of viral proteins in the exhaled air of COVID-19 patients. This portable device provides an immediate assessment of the "viral load" with both quantitative and qualitative results, showing promise for early virus detection. The researchers hypothesize that the eBAM-CoV test is likely to exhibit a satisfactory concordance with the reference RT-PCR test in the detection of COVID-19, especially among symptomatic patients or closed contacts.

In patients requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the intensive care unit (ICU), continuous techniques are predominantly using due to better hemodynamic tolerance. The most employed techniques in ICU are continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) and continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD). To our knowledge, there are no prospective studies comparing the efficiency of these two techniques with the same dose of dialysis (and the same filter). In the CompEER study, we aim to compare the efficiency of CVVHD and CVVHDF on urea reduction rate in intensive care patients with acute kidney injury. The research hypothesis is that CVVHD citrate technique is as effective as CVVHDF heparin technique for urea reduction and provides prolonged and stable clearance, facilitating antibiotic management during RRT.

Pregnancy increases the risk of thrombosis. Placenta-mediated diseases are a risk factor for cardiovascular pathologies and can lead to maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. It is essential to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of dysfunctions at the vascular-placental interface so that systemic vascular risk can be characterized and, ultimately, screened for, on the basis of new markers (targeted preventive management). Deregulated autophagy could be the starting point for cell death by apoptosis or necrosis leading to complications. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in trophoblast apoptosis are incompletely described. This project follows on from the GrossAuTop-1 study, which investigated the intra- and inter-individual variability of autophagy and apoptosis activities in women during pregnancy. The aim of this project is to study autophagy and apoptosis activities specifically in women developing a placental vascular complication during pregnancy.