Clinical trials

The goal of this study is to evaluate and compare the clinical effectiveness of in-office directly 3D-printed clear aligners versus conventional multilayered thermoformed aligners. The main question it aims to answer is: Does the use of in-office direct-printed shape-memory aligners result in superior clinical effectiveness, compared to established multilayer thermoformed aligner systems? Researchers will compare a Direct-Printed Aligner (DPA) group using Senertek Clear-A V2 resin to a Thermoformed Aligner (TFA) group using Zendura FLX multilayer sheets to see if the additive manufacturing process improves clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Participants will: * Undergo initial records including intraoral digital scans, photos, and a panoramic radiograph for treatment planning. * Wear their assigned clear aligners (either direct-printed or thermoformed) for at least 22 hours per day, changing them every 7 days. * Attend follow-up appointments every 5 weeks.

This study is a multi-center, prospective, parallel-group randomized controlled trial designed to compare the orthodontic treatment outcomes of a passive self-ligating bracket system (Damon Ultima) versus a clear aligner system. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the total orthodontic treatment duration between the two systems in patients with Angle Class I malocclusion and moderate crowding. Secondary objectives include assessing alignment efficiency, patient pain perception at multiple time intervals, dental arch dimension changes, root volume loss percentage, and overall treatment quality using the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO-OGS).

1. To evaluate the effect of a medication adherence-based digital intervention on fatigue severity in patients with hypothyroidism. 2. To assess the effect of a medication adherence-based digital intervention on weight in patients with hypothyroidism. 3. To investigate the effect of a medication adherence-based digital intervention on thyroid hormone regulation in patients with hypothyroidism.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a one-week multifaceted Stroke Urgency Recognition, and Action Awareness (SURA'A) consultation-based campaign in increasing stroke awareness and the intention to seek emergency medical help among adults. The research will be conducted at primary health care centers to determine if this specific educational approach can improve the community's response to stroke symptoms.

Goal To compare the effectiveness of a toy nebulizer versus distraction cards in reducing fear among children during nebulization therapy while improving parental satisfaction. Aim To evaluate and measure children's fear levels and parents' satisfaction when using toy nebulizers compared to distraction cards in nebulization sessions. Null hypothesis: (Hᴏ) There is no statistically significant difference in fear levels among children, and parental satisfaction scores in in the toy nebulizer, distraction cards, and control groups. Alternative hypothesis: (H₁) There is a statistically significant difference in fear levels among children, and parental satisfaction scores in the toy nebulizer, distraction cards, and control groups.

To examine the efficacy of a Transtheoretical Model (TTM)-based intervention in improving weight management behaviors. 1. To identify if the student age, body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status can predict WMB. 2. To investigate the difference in students' WMB between groups of grade, liven arrangement, socioeconomic class, and BMI.

Clear orthodontic aligners are widely used due to their esthetics and patient comfort; however, prolonged wear may promote biofilm accumulation and enamel demineralization. This laboratory-based (in vitro) study aims to develop and evaluate a novel directly 3D-printed orthodontic aligner resin modified with antimicrobial and remineralizing agents. The study will investigate the incorporation of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) as an antibacterial agent and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as a remineralizing component into a 3D-printed aligner resin. Modified and unmodified resin specimens will be fabricated and assessed for antimicrobial activity, ion release, and enamel remineralization potential using extracted human teeth. In addition, the mechanical and physical properties of the experimental aligner materials, including shape memory behavior, deflection, tensile strength, translucency, and water sorption, will be evaluated to ensure clinical suitability. This study does not involve human participants and is conducted entirely in vitro. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of biofunctional orthodontic aligners that actively inhibit bacterial growth and support enamel health without compromising material performance

Open heart surgery is often associated with postoperative pulmonary complications, reduced lung expansion, dyspnea, and impaired cardiopulmonary function. Breathing exercises are commonly used after surgery to improve lung ventilation, enhance oxygenation, and support respiratory recovery. However, limited evidence is available comparing the effectiveness of segmental breathing exercises and active cycle breathing technique (ACBT) in patients after open heart surgery. This randomized controlled trial will compare the effects of segmental breathing exercises and ACBT on dyspnea and cardiopulmonary parameters in adults undergoing open heart surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the segmental breathing exercise group, the ACBT group, or the standard care group during the postoperative period following extubation. Cardiopulmonary parameters, including oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure, as well as dyspnea severity and postoperative pulmonary complications, will be assessed before and after the interventions. The findings of this study may help identify the most effective breathing exercise technique for improving respiratory outcomes, reducing postoperative pulmonary complications, and supporting evidence-based postoperative rehabilitation after cardiac surgery.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of simulation-based training on improving self-efficacy and clinical practices of midwives in providing immediate newborn care. It is a quasi-experimental study conducted among midwives working in healthcare settings to assess the impact of training on their knowledge, confidence, and practical performance in newborn care immediately after delivery.

Post-stroke hemiplegia frequently results in impaired upper limb function, which significantly affects independence and quality of life. Various rehabilitation approaches have been developed to improve motor recovery, including mirror therapy and robotic-assisted training. Mirror therapy uses visual feedback to stimulate neural plasticity and enhance motor recovery, while soft robotic gloves assist repetitive hand movements and facilitate functional training. This randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effect of combining mirror therapy with a soft robotic glove on hand function recovery in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. Participants will be randomly assigned to different intervention groups receiving mirror therapy, soft robotic glove training, combined therapy, or conventional rehabilitation. The primary outcome will assess improvement in upper limb motor function using validated clinical assessment tools. Secondary outcomes will evaluate functional hand performance and activities of daily living. The findings of this study may contribute to improving rehabilitation strategies for stroke survivors and provide evidence for integrating innovative rehabilitation technologies into clinical practice.

This study examines the effects of coughing exercises and incentive spirometry (IS) on lung function and recovery in children who undergo heart surgery. The main goals are to see: How coughing exercises and IS affect breathing and lung function after surgery? How these exercises influence overall recovery after surgery? Children who participate will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: coughing exercises, IS, or standard care. Those in the exercise groups will perform their assigned breathing exercises every 3 hours for the first 3 days after surgery. Daily check-ups will be conducted to monitor their progress, lung function, and oxygen levels. The study will measure breathing ability, oxygen levels, and recovery milestones to find out which method is most effective in preventing lung complications and helping children recover faster.

This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a remineralizing self-etch primer used for orthodontic bracket bonding. The study compares bonding performance, enamel surface effects, and clinical outcomes between the experimental primer and the conventional bonding protocol,verify the potential remineralization effect, and examine the amount of adhesive remnants left on enamel over a period of 6 months.

Title Comparative Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes between Damon Ultima and Pitts 21 Pro Bracket Systems; A Randomized Clinical Trial Abstract Background: The primary advantages of self-ligation brackets include faster archwire removal and ligation, reduced or eliminated need for chairside assistance, secure archwire engagement, and lower bracket-archwire friction, which collectively contribute to a substantial reduction in resistance to sliding and are theorized to enhance the efficiency of initial tooth alignment. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be conducted to assess differences in treatment outcomes with these two different self-ligation bracket systems. Subjects/Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial included 40 participants with full permanent dentition (excluding third molars) exhibiting Angle Class I malocclusion with moderate crowding. Patients who were scheduled to undergo orthodontic treatment were allocated into two groups: Damon Ultima and Pitts 21 Pro. The total treatment duration will be measured in months from the bonding day to the completion of treatment, in addition to the number of visits. Pre-treatment, post-alignment, and post-treatment records were obtained, including intraoral scans (IOS) for assessing alignment efficiency and arch parameters. Periapical radiographs of the upper and lower incisors were taken before and after treatment to measure the amount of root resorption. Treatment outcomes were evaluated using the American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) grading system. Additionally, pain perception and patient treatment perception were assessed.

This study will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a clear expander fabricated from 2-mm biocompatible polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) thermoforming material integrated with an expansion screw in achieving dental and skeletal expansion in adolescent patients, compared with the conventional Hyrax expander.

This study aims to find the best method to reduce pain during braces removal. We are comparing transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), high-frequency vibration, and a control group with no additional intervention. People who have completed orthodontic treatment and need their braces removed can take part. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups. The vibration device will be applied during the braces removal, while TENS will be applied just before the procedure. Before the procedure, participants' anxiety will be measured using the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). During and after the procedure, pain will be assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from 0 to 100, and participants will rate their satisfaction using a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) from 0 to 10. The purpose of this research is to help orthodontists identify the method that makes braces removal less uncomfortable, more tolerable, and more satisfying for patients.

This randomized controlled clinical study aims to evaluate the effect of local application of 1% metformin gel on implant stability and peri-implant bone density. Patients requiring dental implants will be randomly allocated into two groups: a control group and a test group receiving metformin gel. Implant stability will be assessed using resonance frequency analysis, and bone density will be evaluated using CBCT imaging. The outcomes will be compared over a follow-up period to determine the effectiveness of metformin in enhancing osseointegration

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate and compare the antiplaque efficacy and patient reported outcome of three commonly used antiseptic mouthwashes - Chlorhexidine (CHX), Cetylpyridinium Chloride (CPC), and Essential Oil (EO) formulations - in orthodontic patients undergoing fixed appliance therapy. The main question it aims to answer is: In orthodontic patients wearing fixed appliances, what is the comparative effect of chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium chloride, and essential-oil mouthwashes versus placebo on clinical periodontal parameters, salivary IL-1β levels, and patient-reported outcomes. Prior to enrollment in the clinical trial, all potential participants will undergo a preparatory phase for one month aimed at achieving optimal oral health and minimizing confounding baseline inflammation. During this phase, participants will receive a full professional oral prophylaxis, including scaling and polishing, to remove dental plaque and calculus deposits. This ensures that all individuals begin the study with a comparable level of oral hygiene and gingival health. Participants will be instructed on a standardized oral hygiene regimen, including proper toothbrushing technique using a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste twice daily. In addition, each participant will be provided with a single-tufted brush as an interproximal cleaning aid to maintain plaque control around orthodontic brackets and hard-to-reach areas. The use of any other mouthwash or adjunctive antimicrobial agent will be prohibited during this phase. After preparatory phase, participants will undergo a four-day plaque-accumulation period immediately prior to baseline clinical and biochemical assessments. During this 4-day period participants will be instructed to refrain from all mechanical oral hygiene procedures (no toothbrushing, interdental cleaning, or mouthrinse use) in order to standardize plaque formation across subjects and create a measurable baseline plaque burden for subsequent comparisons. After that, In base line visit the salivary sample will be collected for IL-1β measurement and clinical periodontal parameters (PI,GI,BOP,PPD) will be measured and receiving oral hygiene instructions and motivation, and first intervention will be given to the patient. After one week Saliva will be collected for IL-1β measurement and the clinical measurements ( PI,GI,BOP)will be taken, then the participant goes into washout period for two weeks, after that the participant will be called to repeat the same protocol for the remaining three interventions.

This randomized controlled study is aimed to evaluate the esthetic, clinical, and radiographic outcomes following the placement of immediate single-tooth implant with hard and soft tissue augmentation. Subjects will randomly assigned to one of two groups: * Group A (control group) receiving an immediate single-tooth implant in the esthetic zone with bone augmentation only. * Group B (study group) receiving an immediate single-tooth implant in the esthetic zone with bone augmentation and connective tissue graft (CTG). The main questions it aims to answer is: Is there is a significant difference in the esthetic outcome between bone augmentation alone and bone augmentation combined with connective tissue graft after immediate dental implant in the esthetic zone?

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effect of lavender aromatherapy massage on pain intensity and wrist joint mobility in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive lavender aromatherapy massage in addition to standard care or standard care alone. Pain intensity and wrist mobility will be measured before and after the intervention period. The findings of this study may provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of complementary therapies in reducing pain and improving joint function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This study aimed the to investigate the beneficial effect of combining PTH with bovine-derived bone graft bone in maxillary sinus augmentation. There is limited information available about the effect of PTH on maxillary sinus augmentation to achieve a clear understanding of PTH's efficacy in bone regeneration and bone remodelling through radiological, clinical, biomarker, histological and histomorphometric assessment . Objectives 1. Evaluation of the bone density at the planned implants sites using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). 2. Histomorphometry examination of maxillary sinus bone to measure (bone trabeculae, connective tissue, osteoblast, osteocyte) after healing 4 months after augmentation. 3. Osteopontin as biomarker analysis for bone regeneration and osteoblast activity. 4. Evaluate the primary stability of implant in upper posterior area filled with PTH (1 34) and bovine-derived bone graft compared to bovine-derived bone graft alone.

The goal of this ( Clinical Trial ) is to evaluate the efficacy of Ibuprofen in reducing acute inflammatory response (hs-CRP, ProCT, IL-6) after one hour and one week following one stage non surgical periodontal therapy. The main question it aims to answer is: "Does Ibuprofen effectively reduce the acute inflammatory response ( hs-CRP, ProCT, IL-6) following one-stage non-surgical periodontal therapy?"

This study compares three approaches to help premature babies learn to feed by mouth: a special mouth exercise program (called PIOMI), using a pacifier, and standard care. Premature babies often have difficulty feeding because their sucking, swallowing, and breathing are not yet coordinated, which can lead to longer hospital stays. The study will include 150 premature infants born between 26 and 32 weeks of pregnancy at a hospital in Thi Qar. Babies will be randomly placed into one of three groups: one group will receive a many-day mouth exercise program, another will use a pacifier for many days, and the third will receive routine care. We will measure how quickly each baby learns to feed fully by mouth, how long they stay in the hospital, how much weight they gain, and their feeding skills. The results may help improve care for premature babies and reduce the time they spend in the hospital.

The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the clinical and biochemical effects of the guided biofilm therapy protocol as an alternative to the conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with periodontitis. The main question it aims to answer is: Does the guided biofilm therapy (GBT) protocol have an impact on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) epithelial and mesenchymal biomarkers in patients with periodontitis? All patients will be instructed to brush their teeth twice daily and will be supplied with the same type of toothpaste and toothbrush, with suitable interdental aids. All patients will be instructed to attend again after 7 days. At baseline, full-mouth periodontal charting and radiographs will be obtained and after 1-hour, GCF samples will be collected from both test and control groups. Sites allocated to control group will undergo supragingival debridement by using ultrasonic device. After one week, the control group will receive RSD using area specific (Gracey) curettes (Medesy, Italy) according to the 24-hours protocol and will receive teeth polishing by using rubber polishing cups and tooth polishing paste, while the test group will receive a full GBT protocol which includes eight steps: (1) ASSESS, (2) DISCLOSE, (3) MOTIVATE, (4) AIRFLOW, (5) PERIOFLOW, (6) PIEZON PS\*, (7) CHECK, and (8) RECALL. After finishing the treatment session, the patients will be asked to attend for follow up, clinical evaluation of PI, BOP, PPD, and CAL, and GCF samples collection after 1 month and 3 months.

The current study primarily aims to evaluate the presence of T. parvum in periodontal health and disease, and its correlation with clinical parameters. Subgingival plaque samples will be collected using sterile paper points then the samples will be analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect T. parvum and estimate its relative amount in the biofilm. The results may help clarify the association between T. parvum and periodontitis.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn which distraction method works better to reduce needle pain in children aged 4-12 years during blood draws. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does watching cartoon videos lower children's pain more than squeezing a stress ball? * Which method do parents prefer for their children? 120 children will be randomly assigned to watch cartoons or squeeze a ball while nurses draw blood. Pain will be measured using a 0-10 pain scale right after the needle. This study will help nurses choose the best way to make blood draws less painful for children.