Ageing

To investigate the effect of an fitness advice and resistance band exercise intervention on balance, muscle function, and power in an older people population who have low muscle power.

In this study, participants will be assigned to receive HMB, 2-HOBA, a combination of both, or a comparison supplement for a set period of time. During the study, participants will attend scheduled visits where researchers will assess muscle strength, physical function, and overall health. Blood samples may be collected to measure markers related to metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Study staff will also monitor safety and any side effects throughout the study.

Participants included in SCAPIS2 (Swedish Cardio Pulmonary bioimage study) are screened regarding swallowing difficulty using a timed water swallow test. Participants who show signs of swallowing difficulty (dysphagia) are included in the present study, which encompasses s flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing function (FEES). Participants showing a moderate-severe dysphagia are randomized into one of three intervention groups: muscle strengthening training, skill-based swallowing training and a control group who will receive compensatory treatment. The study is expected to improve diagnostics and treatment of swallowing difficulties in an ageing population.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has designed an integrated care program (ICOPE) aimed at maintaining the functions of elderly people to preserve their autonomy. It includes four steps (Screening, Comprehensive Assessment, Personalized Prevention and Care Plan, Follow-up). The screening tool assesses a person's intrinsic capacity in six key functional domains (mobility, cognition, nutrition, vision, hearing, psychological well-being). This screening can be conducted by a professional or through self-assessment using the digital application (ICOPE Monitor). If a deficit is detected, an alert is issued, and if confirmed by a healthcare professional trained in ICOPE, a comprehensive assessment of the impaired function and a personalized prevention and care plan is proposed by the physician. A trained nurse assists the person in implementing this plan in collaboration with the primary care physician and local professionals. When multiple functions are impaired, it is recommended to conduct a thorough evaluation of all six functions to implement an integrated approach. The clinical effectiveness of the program in preventing functional decline has not yet been established in a sufficiently long trial. The investigators propose to evaluate the effect and cost of the ICOPE program in France through a controlled trial. Our hypothesis is that, in the current primary care context, the comprehensive implementation of the program (combining regular screening, comprehensive assessment, prevention and care plan, and follow-up) is necessary to more effectively prevent age-related functional decline compared to the usual care provided by the primary care physician.

This study investigates whether taking the amino acid L-serine, either alone or in combination with targeted strength training, can have a positive effect on mental performance, brain function, and physical fitness in older people. Healthy, independent women and men aged 65 to 85 are eligible to participate. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: placebo, L-serine, or L-serine combined with strength training. Cognitive tests, physical performance tests, and blood and brain tests will be conducted over a period of 48 weeks. The aim is to gain a better understanding of how nutrition and exercise can contribute to healthy aging.

As the population ages, the growing prevalence of age-related diseases is creating substantial challenges for healthcare systems worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies often target individual diseases and decrease mortality without improving healthspan. The geroscience hypothesis suggests that targeting the ageing process itself could prevent, delay, or manage the severity of multiple age-related diseases concurrently, thereby improving overall healthspan and reducing healthcare burdens. Emerging research highlights several interconnected hallmarks of aging, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, impaired autophagy, and immune dysregulation, as modifiable through targeted interventions. Precision geromedicine represents a paradigm shift in addressing these processes, combining baseline diagnostics with individualized treatment strategies that adapt over time based on patient response. This approach integrates lifestyle modifications, dietary supplements, and pharmacological agents to optimize physical, cognitive, and immune function across the lifespan .

This study will investigate whether two different physiotherapy exercise programs can improve physical function, balance and mental well-being in older adults living in the community in Angola. A total of 350 people aged 60 years or older will take part in the study. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two supervised exercise programs. One group will participate in a multicomponent exercise program that includes strength, balance, walking and coordination exercises. The second group will participate in a reduced functional exercise program focused on basic strengthening, walking and simple daily activities. Both programs will be performed three times per week, with each session lasting 60 minutes, over a period of 12 weeks. Participants will be assessed before and after the exercise program. The assessments will include tests of balance, muscle strength, walking ability and questionnaires about daily activities and mental health. Information about falls, blood pressure and general health will also be collected. The goal of this study is to identify effective and safe physiotherapy strategies to help older adults maintain independence, reduce the risk of falls and support healthy ageing, especially in settings with limited health resources.

ICOPE could constitute the reference model of care for healthy aging. More specifically, our hypothesis is that the intervention implemented in ICOPE may directly or indirectly prevent immuno-senescence, the loss of mobility and the cognitive decline. In future Geroscience clinical trials, ICOPE-Intense could become a benchmark to reduce the rate of aging with a strong non-pharmacological intervention and state a reference intervention to compare with new gerotherapeutic drugs.

The purpose of this study is to learn how aging affects muscle endurance during resistance exercise, and how oxygen delivery to the muscles plays a role in these changes. To answer this question, we are comparing how many repetitions of a leg exercise (knee extensions) younger and older adults can do at different exercise intensities. We will also look at how the muscles use oxygen during these exercises. Participants will take part in 12 different exercise sessions. In each session, they will perform as many knee extensions as possible using different amounts of weight-consisting of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% of the maximum weight they can lift one time. Each weight will be tested both with and without a cuff on the leg that temporarily reduces blood flow to the muscle.

Mental and cognitive health are key determinants of healthy and successful aging. These two domains are closely intertwined: while chronic stress can impair cognitive functioning, cognitive decline may in turn heighten stress and reduce overall well-being in older adults. This project aims to evaluate the effectiveness and scalability of a multidomain intervention to support mental and cognitive health in older adults. A single-blind, randomized, controlled 2×2 factorial trial will be conducted with a large sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older in the German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four intervention arms: (1) WHO Self-Help Plus stress management training (SH+), (2) multidomain cognitive training focused on lifestyle and behavior change (COG), (3) a combined SH+ and COG intervention (SH+/COG), or (4) an active control group (CG) involving podcast listening and discussion. All interventions will include in-person group sessions, while the SH+, COG, and SH+/COG arms additionally offer a digital platform for self-guided home training. Primary outcomes (mental and cognitive health), secondary outcomes and moderators (cognitive functioning, stigma, self-efficacy, self-concept, loneliness, digital literacy, cognitive reserve, sociodemographic variables) will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention (10 weeks), and at 2- and 6-month follow-ups through a self-administered ambulatory assessment.

Aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), contributing to progressive macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction. Macrovascular impairments, such as arterial stiffening and endothelial dysfunction, reduce nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, leading to hypertension and impaired blood flow regulation. Microvascular dysfunction exacerbates cardiovascular decline by compromising capillary perfusion and tissue oxygenation, increasing susceptibility to ischemic events. Preserving vascular function is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health in aging populations. Low-intensity aerobic exercise (LIAE) improves cardiovascular health and mobility, particularly in populations unable to perform high-intensity exercise. However, LIAE alone often fails to induce significant vascular adaptations, such as improved arterial compliance or endothelial function, highlighting the need for optimized interventions. Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) enhances vascular adaptations during low-intensity exercise by inducing localized hypoxia, stimulating endothelial function and arterial remodeling. While BFR may transiently increase blood pressure and arterial stiffness, its vascular benefits resemble those of high-intensity exercise at lower workloads. However, research on BFR's acute vascular effects during aerobic exercise in older adults remains limited. Current studies have focused on perceptual and hemodynamic responses to LIAE+BFR but lack direct assessments of macrovascular (e.g., flow-mediated slowing) and microvascular function. Older adults may exhibit distinct vascular responses, yet data are scarce. This study examines acute vascular responses to LIAE+BFR and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) in young and older adults. Hypothesis: 1. BFR combined with LIAE will elicit greater acute microvascular and macrovascular responses in older adults than in younger adults. 2. These responses will be comparable to HIIE without BFR, suggesting BFR enhances LIAE's efficacy to high-intensity levels. 3. Any transient vascular dysfunction (e.g., increased arterial stiffness) will normalize within 30 minutes post-exercise, supporting safety in aging populations.

The purpose of this clinical trial is to understand whether oral vitamin C can help delay the aging of middle-aged and elderly individuals, search for sensitive biomarkers of human aging, and provide new paradigms and scientific guidance for aging intervention with small molecule drugs. The main questions it aims to answer are as follows: * Can oral vitamin C effectively improve the aging-related indicators? * What is the safety of participants when taking vitamin C supplements? Researchers will compare vitamin C with a placebo to observe whether vitamin C is effective in intervening in the aging of middle-aged and elderly individuals. Participants need to: * Take 2 tablets (250mg/tablet) of vitamin C or placebo after breakfast and dinner every day for 12 consecutive months; * Go to the designated place for a face-to-face follow-up every 6 months and receive a telephone follow-up every 2 months, and pick up subsequent drugs during the follow-up; * Honestly inform the medication situation during each follow-up; * Report any discomfort or adverse reactions that occur during the treatment process to the researchers; * Fill in a questionnaire about their own health status during each follow-up; * After 6 months and 12 months of intervention, conduct a comprehensive health examination as required, including blood tests and other items.

The goal of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate the effects of a 2-week high-frequency transcranial pulsed current stimulation (tPCS) on cognitive outcomes in older and healthy adults. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Would a single session of anodal tPCS over the left prefrontal cortex improve working memory, task inhibition, and task switching in healthy young and older adults, compared to anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and sham-tPCS? 2. Would repeated session of anodal-tPCS (2-weeks) lead to improvements in working memory, task inhibition, and task switching in healthy young and older adults, compared to tDCS and sham-tPCS? 3. Will tPCS be better tolerated among healthy adults, compared to tDCS? Researchers will compare tPCS / tDCS / sham-tPCS to see if there are any differences in cognitive outcomes after 1 session and after repeated sessions, as well as to compare the tolerance of tPCS against tDCS and sham-tPCS. Participants will be requested to: * Undergo 1 of 3 of the following conditions: tDCS / tPCS / sham-tPCS * Complete three sessions of cognitive tasks testing working memory, inhibition and task switching at baseline (pre-stimulation), after day 1 of brain stimulation and after 10 sessions of brain stimulation (post- repeated stimulation) * Undergo fNIRS-EEG brain measurements concurrently with the cognitive tasks

Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle function, are thought to be influenced by oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, resulting in significant muscle mass reduction and altered physical performance. Indeed, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in older adults are key factors contributing to metabolic protein disturbances, DNA mutations, and skeletal muscle decline during aging. Additionally, reduced food intake can lead to malnutrition, exacerbating muscle protein loss, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Recent research has shown that a nutritional intervention, i.e. antioxidant supplementation (e.g., vitamins C, E, zinc, selenium) can reduce muscle damage in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy (FSHD) by correcting mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation with a beneficial effect on physical performance and have led to the development of a personalized antioxidant supplementation model, supported by clinical trials (NCT02622438). Although antioxidant supplementation appears beneficial for FSHD patients, its effects on age-related muscle decline remain unclear. This study aims to explore correlation between oxidative stress, inflammation, nutritional status and physical performance in older individuals. The findings will help establish the physiological basis for a potential antioxidant therapy for age-related muscle deterioration.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the effects of sleep disorders on health and ageing in older people over the age of 65. The main question it aims to answer is: How do sleep disorders impact the motoric and cognitive ageing trajectories of older individuals? Participants will undergo a set of instrumental, laboratory and clinical diagnostic examinations to comprehensively assess the impact of sleep disorders on health.

The goal of this observational study is to establish the prospective cohort of the Beijing Longitudinal Disability Survey in Community Elderly (BLINDSCE) to explore the high-risk factors and preventive interventions for disability and cognitive impairment among community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and over. The main question it aims to answer is: * What are the high-risk factors able to predict the incidence and advance of disability and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and over? * What are the categories of function and cognitive performance trajectory in community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and over?

Aging leads to declines in functional capacity and effort tolerance. Muscle strength remains stable from ages 25 to 50 but declines significantly after age 60, affecting activities like stair climbing and walking, reducing autonomy and independence. While muscle atrophy is a significant factor, macrovascular endothelial dysfunction also impairs skeletal muscle performance in older adults. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial cells, regulates vascular homeostasis and contractile function. NO enhances muscle fiber shortening velocity, reduces twitch time-to-peak contraction, and increases the rate of force development. Aging-related endothelial dysfunction reduces NO availability, leading to reduced muscle mass and sarcopenia via decreased skeletal muscle perfusion. Increased arterial stiffness disrupts ventricular-vascular coupling, reducing cardiac output and contributing to age-related muscle weakness. Additionally, microvascular function decreases with age, contributing to altered physical work perception and reduced function. Low capillary density is linked to reduced walking speed in older adults and reduced walking time in peripheral arterial disease patients, supporting the microvasculature\'s role in functional performance. Reduced muscle mass also increases central hemodynamic load, impacting arterial stiffness and cardiac function. Resistance training (RT) is recommended to mitigate aging effects like loss of strength and muscle mass and reduce cardiovascular risk and all-cause mortality. Guidelines suggest 1-3 sets of 8-12 repetitions at 60-80% of the individual\'s repetition maximum (1RM), performed at least twice a week. However, older adults with osteoarthritis and cardiovascular conditions often cannot tolerate high mechanical stress and are prescribed lower intensity-resistance training (LIRT) at 40-50% of 1RM, typically yielding negligible muscle hypertrophy or strength gains. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training, which applies pressure bands to restrict blood flow during LIRT, increases muscle volume and strength. While BFR shows promise, it can cause acute increases in arterial stiffness and blood pressure in older adults, necessitating caution in its prescription. This study aims to compare macrovascular and microvascular function responses to acute resistance exercise with and without BFR in young and older adults. We hypothesize that older adults will show a more pronounced increase in macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction following resistance exercise compared to younger participants. In this parallel group randomized controlled trial, participants will be randomly assigned to either LIRT-BFR or high-intensity resistance training (HIRT). Each participant will attend three sessions: a familiarization session and two experimental sessions involving the randomized exercise conditions. Measurements of brachial blood pressure, heart rate, and macrovascular and microvascular function will be taken at rest and during recovery periods post-exercise.