Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

This protocol focuses on the effect of sleep interventions on improving sleep and building cognitive/brain resilience in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and sleep disturbance. Two sleep interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) and acoustic slow-wave activity enhancement (SWAE), will be utilized in a pilot randomized clinical trial in which participants are randomized to different treatment groups (CBTI or SWAE). Participants will be assessed over a 6-month period in order to examine the impact of sleep treatments on neuropsychological outcomes and cognitively mediated everyday functioning.

This study will probe if the biological changes in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are related to a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) using high definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) and blood-derived biomarker tools. Participants who Do as well as those who Do Not have a history of mTBI will be enrolled in the study.

This current translational project, funded by NIH, aims to better understand the impact of various signal modification strategies for older adults with Alzheimer's dementia and its potential precursor, known as amnestic mild cognitive impairment. The investigators hypothesize that adults with Alzheimer's dementia represent an extreme case of restricted cognitive ability, such that very low working memory capacity and overall reduced cognitive capacity will limit benefit from advanced signal processing. Thus, the investigators hypothesize that adults with Alzheimer's dementia will receive greater benefit from acoustically simple, high-fidelity hearing aid processing that minimally alters the acoustic signal.

This study will train a machine learning tool to predict response to a cognitive training intervention using baseline brain MRI sequences from older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

This clinical study aims to examine the effectiveness of a 12-week modified ketogenic diet (MKD) intervention, especially on cognitive functions, in individuals diagnosed with amnestic-mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and to compare the effects of control groups (passive or active). Accordingly, a sample of 36 older adults aged 65-80 years diagnosed with aMCI will be randomized into 3 different groups: passive control (without any intervention), active control (MIND: Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay diet) or intervention (MKD). They will be monitored according to targeted criteria throughout the 12-week study protocol. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Does a 12-week MKD intervention improve cognitive functions in aMCI? * Does the effectiveness of the 12-week MKD intervention in aMCI (i.e., in terms of cognitive function, physical and functional measures, or metabolic/inflammatory biomarkers) differ from control groups? Expected from participants during the study protocol: * Participants assigned to the passive control arm are expected to come to the research center at the beginning (week 0) and end (week 12) of the protocol and participate in evaluations. * Participants assigned to the active control (MIND diet) or intervention (MKD) arm are expected to adhere to assigned dietary therapy, keep a weekly food diary, and have weekly phone calls or online meetings with the dietitian to follow up on the diet. These participants assigned to the diet groups are expected to come to the research center at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 to participate in the evaluations.

The goal of this interventional study is to develop an individualized approach using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in a high-precision manner. This approach will use TMS to modulate brain activity at multiple locations simultaneously. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalograph (EEG) will record the responses and guide the stimulation. Specifically, the placement and orientation of TMS coils will be tailored to stimulate the targeted functional brain areas informed by fMRI. To maximize the interventional effect, stimulation pulses will be delivered based on EEG oscillations.