Sports Physical Therapy

This study compares the effectiveness of Spencer Muscle Energy Technique and Post Facilitation Stretch in reducing shoulder pain in 32 fast bowlers aged 18-35. Participants will receive treatment three times a week for four weeks. Pain, shoulder mobility, and functional ability will be measured before and after the intervention to identify the more effective technique

Terminal Extension lag (TEL) is a condition that develops when active range of extension is smaller than passive range; frequently noticed in post-traumatic knees after injuries and Anterior Cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. TEL is typically seen within 6 to 12 weeks after ACL reconstruction. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery is a critical surgical intervention used to repair ACL tear; which is common among those who are engaged in physical demanding activities and Sportsmen. In the initial days following surgery terminal extension lag affects up to 10 to 35% of individuals. ACL is expectational because it's not just a static stabilizer of knee but also transfers proprioceptive information to the brain so to improve joint's dynamics. This study aims to compare effects of Dynamic Stability Drills (DSD) and Plyometric Training (PT) in reducing terminal knee extension lag in post-ACL reconstruction patients. This study will be a Randomized Clinical Trail and will be conducted in Physiotherapy Department of Bethania Hospital Sialkot. Non-Probability Convenience Sampling will be used to collect data. Total of 48 Participants of the age 20 to 40 years with terminal extension lag of moderate lag stage (typically 9-12 weeks post-op with 5-10° lag) will be selected as sample size. An informed consent will be taken prior study from all the subjects. Outcomes measure will be included Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, Single Leg Hope Test and Y Balance Test (Y-BAL) for Dynamic Stability, Universal Goniometer (UG) for Range of Motion, Sphygmomanometer for Knee Strength, International Knee Documentation Committee scores, (IKDC) for Knee function and Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) Calculations. Subjects will be divided into two groups by random number generator table. Both groups will receive a standard physiotherapy protocols which will include: Hot pack , TENS , Mobilizations, Stretching and Strengthening. Group A will receive Dynamic Stability Drills and Group B will receive Plyometric Training along with conventional treatment. Patient will come 3 time a week and data will be recollected after 6 weeks. Data will be analyzed by SPSS version 25.

The core region is a part of the body composed of axes surrounding the torso and plays a crucial role in maintaining stability. Therefore, it is considered important for maintaining athletic performance in athletes. This study aims to investigate the effects of core strength training, in addition to routine training programs, on jumping, agility, speed, balance, and shooting speed performance in amateur football players.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFP) is a frequent cause of anterior knee pain in sportspeople, especially those playing some sport that involves high-impact and rapid changes of direction and frequent lower-limb loading such as in cricket. The stress of patella is augmented by the activities and results in pain and functional performance decline. Strategies of rehabilitation which minimize the stress on the knee joints and maximizes strength, power and endurance are required. Elliptical training offers a low-impact aerobic alternative with negligible patellofemoral loading whereas cadence training highlights a controlled movement frequency and ideal movement patterns which may alleviate stress on the joints and increase neuromuscular coordination. To compare the effects of cadence training versus elliptical training on pain, power, and endurance among cricketers with patellofemoral pain syndrome. It was a randomized clinical trial involving 48 cricketers aged between 18 35 years with positive patellofemoral compression test and at least 2 3 years of playing experience. The individuals were randomly divided into two groups (n = 24 each) and Group A was allocated to the cadence training and Group B to elliptical training. The sessions were conducted over six weeks with each session taking 45 minutes three times a week. The pre- and post-intervention measures were Vertical Jump Test (power), Wall Sit Test (endurance), and Numeric Pain Rating Scale. The paired, Wilcoxon, Mann Whitney and independent t tests were used to analyze the data and compare the within and between-group differences.

Respiratory muscles play a fundamental role in sports performance. Fatigue of these muscles induces changes in maximal inspiratory pressure and autonomic nervous system activity, thereby compromising the athlete's recovery process. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the specific effects of different inspiratory muscle activation modalities on post-exercise recovery in professional male football players. The study seeks to determine which of the three modalities-bilateral phrenic nerve electrical stimulation, a threshold loading device protocol, or inactivity-provides greater benefits for recovery. The effectiveness of these interventions will be assessed using two key outcome variables: maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and heart rate variability (HRV). This study is designed as a randomized clinical trial (RCT) in which participants will be allocated into three intervention groups: a bilateral phrenic nerve electrical stimulation group (EG1), in which involuntary diaphragmatic contractions will be induced using an electrotherapy device with current applied to the phrenic nerves; a threshold device group (EG2), in which participants will perform breathing against submaximal inspiratory loads equivalent to 40% of their MIP; and a control group (CG), which will remain seated for a period equivalent to the duration of the other interventions. Group allocation will be ensured through randomization using Microsoft Excel. Regarding statistical analysis, data normality will be assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Comparisons of quantitative variables will be performed using Student's t test when normality assumptions are met, or the Mann-Whitney U test otherwise. A p value \< 0.05 will be considered statistically significant.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses-recently gaining popularity in sports-on cognitive function, physical performance, and postural stability, which are among the key skills in athletic performance. The originality of the study lies in being the first to examine the effects of stroboscopic glasses-based exercises on basketball players. Hypotheses of the study: H1: Exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses have an effect on athletes' cognitive functions. H2: Exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses have an effect on athletes' physical performance. H3: Exercises performed with stroboscopic glasses have an effect on athletes' static and dynamic postural stability.

A 8 weeks, single-blinded randomized controlled trial will be conducted at Pakistan Sports Board (PSB). Forty-four athletes (18-35 years) will be randomized into Group A (HL-RT + BFR, n = 22) and Group B (HL-RT only, n = 22). BFR will be applied at 50% limb occlusion pressure during lower-body exercises (squats, leg press). Both groups trained 3x/week for 4 weeks at 70-80% 1RM. Outcomes included 1RM strength, squat endurance, push-up performance, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores.

This randomized controlled trial investigates the acute effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up and fatigue on diaphragmatic function in professional basketball players. Using ultrasound imaging and maximal inspiratory pressure (PIM) assessment, the study evaluates changes in diaphragmatic thickness and respiratory strength before and after specific inspiratory muscle loading protocols. Findings aim to clarify the short-term impact of these interventions on diaphragmatic recovery capacity, with potential implications for respiratory training, performance enhancement, and injury prevention strategies in elite athletic populations.

This study was planned to analyze the changes in tendon cross-sectional area and shoulder pain with different exercise approaches applied in biceps brachii long head tendinopathy.

With the exception of the shoulder, the hip is among the most frequently injured areas in swimmers. Despite this, hip injuries are often overlooked in training and prevention programmes. Such neglect can cause significant damage to muscles, particularly the adductors, and the joint itself, potentially requiring arthroscopic surgery or even leading to secondary injuries in related structures such as the knee. Furthermore, hip strength and range of motion directly affect swimmers' underwater kicking speed. Although hip assessments are common in other sports, like football, for injury prevention and performance analysis-both dynamically and isometrically-isometric testing is particularly recommended due to its higher reproducibility. Therefore, this study aims to validate a multidirectional isometric hip test in swimmers and examine agonist-antagonist muscle ratios in young advanced swimmers. A comparative analysis will be conducted on 30 elite swimmers. This will include a descriptive analysis of the group and comparative analyses between breaststroke/non-breaststroke swimmers and between genders. Maximum isometric contractions of both lower limbs will be measured using a Chronojump force sensor (Boscosystem, Barcelona, Spain). Athletes will stand on a step positioned centrally within a rack or cage, either laterally or frontally depending on the movement assessed (ABD-ADD or flexion-extension, respectively). They will grip the appropriate supports with their hands and perform three maximal efforts of each movement lasting 3 seconds, without compensatory actions (any attempt with compensations will be discounted). There will be a 20-second rest between attempts. All three attempts will be recorded. To assess measurement reliability, tests will be repeated after 48 hours for subsequent comparison.

Ballistic and plyometric training are both frequently utilized to enhance physical performance in a variety of sporting activities that require the ability to jump, sprint, and change direction. both are designed to improve explosive power, but they differ in their approaches and focus. Although many studies highlight the significance of both plyometric and ballistic exercises in enhancing athletic performance in badminton players no direct comparison has been made between the two. In this study we compared the effectiveness of Ballistic exercises versus Plyometric exercises on performance in Badminton players, which is going to help us to select the best possible training program for badminton athletes

The aim of the study is to examine the Gyko inertial sensor system in healthy adults. In the study, jump and postural control parameters are assessed with a one-week interval. To evaluate intra-rater reliability, ICC, SEM, and MDC values will be calculated.

It is well known that the the training with the IMT device increases the Maximal Inspiratory Pressure. Nonetheless, there are doubts about which muscles are involved during this training. The aim of this study is to determine the diaphragm loading of healthy subjects during the training with a IMT device from a low . Therefore, each subject will be monitored using esophageal and gastric manometry.

Field hockey is a team sport that is played using sticks and balls. Player's motions are impromptu and determine how competitive matches are played. Athletes can enhance their performance through a variety of training regimens. "Sprint Interval Training," for short bursts of maximal or supramaximal exercise, is one type of training used to improve sports performance. During recovering intervals, participants alternate between passive rest or light to moderately hard work. In both skilled and novice players, Sprint interval training significantly increases anaerobic and aerobic performance. This study aims to determine the impact of sprint interval training on hockey player's running performance, speed, and direction changes.

Sprints can be a really effective way to improve participants cardiovascular fitness, strength and power, and running economy. Participants can gain bigger improvements and in less time with sprinting than with continuous easy running. Power training typically involves exercises which apply the maximum amount of force as fast as possible. Both these trainings are vital to increase the speed and repeated sprint ability in cricket fast bowlers.

Volleyball is a high-intensity, anaerobic sport that alternates between brief rest intervals and explosive movements in both vertical and horizontal planes. Therefore, it is believed that essential components of successful athletic performance are explosive strength, speed and power which are defined as the neuro- muscular system of an individual's ability to manifests training the shortest amount of time. The complex movement of a vertical jump necessitates the coordination of multiple muscles in the arms, legs, and trunk. Being aware that a five-set volleyball match requires more than 250 jumps from each player. Eight weeks of plyometric jump training on mud and other unstable surfaces caused some changes in the biomechanical variables and physical fitness related to volley ball performance in volley ball players. Thus, by adding more high-intensity training, elite volleyball players can maximize their physical performance level during the competitive season.

Injuries occurring during adolescence can lead to serious long-term problems. Such injuries can cause athletes to take breaks from their sports and physically strain themselves. Since athletes are in their adolescent period, the physiological development of the musculoskeletal system is ongoing. Awareness of injury prevention during this period is crucial. This study aims to investigate the relationship between core endurance and awareness of injury prevention in athletes. Objectively determining this relationship is important for providing support to protect athletes from injuries.

To determine the effects of ladder training versus plyometric training program on agility, speed and power in domestic female cricket players. Plyometric training program and ladder training program consider effective training methods for players for development of speed, agility and power.

The aim of this study is first to construct a database containing psychophysiological data from athletes performing a maximal effort test. Second, the investigators want to use the data to optimize the methodological approach during, and trainings advice after maximal effort tests.