Thyroidectomy

This study intends to implement esketamine-assisted anesthesia in patients undergoing non-inflatable transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy through a prospective randomized controlled trial, in order to observe the effect of esketamine on coughing during extubation in thyroidectomy patients.

This study intends to conduct a prospective randomized controlled trial to implement esketamine-assisted anesthesia in patients undergoing open thyroidectomy, in order to observe the effect of esketamine on coughing during extubation in thyroidectomy patients.

This is a single-site, two-component prospective study evaluating whether near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging can improve intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy and reduce postoperative hypocalcemia. The investigational platform is a modified wearable stereoscopic goggle system configured for label-free NIRAF imaging. Parathyroid tissue is excited with near-infrared light at approximately 780 nm and emits autofluorescence centered near 800 nm. No injected dye or external contrast agent is used. The goggles are used only during a brief mapping interval after thyroid exposure and for ex vivo interrogation of the resected thyroid specimen. Component A is a prospective observational run-in validation cohort of 30 adults undergoing thyroidectomy of any extent. NIRAF-positive foci on the intact thyroidectomy specimen are suture-marked and correlated with targeted pathology. Component B is a randomized clinical study of 250 adults undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy. Participants are randomized 1:1 to standard surgery or standard surgery plus brief in vivo NIRAF mapping, ex vivo specimen interrogation, and rescue autotransplantation when indicated. The primary outcome for Component B is transient biochemical hypocalcemia on postoperative day 1, defined using albumin-corrected serum calcium.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and is frequently associated with microscopic central neck lymph node metastases, even in the absence of preoperative clinical evidence of nodal involvement (cN0). While prophylactic central compartment neck dissection (pCCND) may improve staging accuracy and potentially reduce disease persistence or recurrence, its routine use remains controversial due to the risk of increased surgical morbidity and potential negligible impact on oncologic outcomes. This prospective randomized study aims to evaluate the oncological and surgical outcomes of cN0 PTC patients with tumors measuring 2 to 4 cm who undergo thyroid surgery with or without pCCND. Patients will be treated according to standard clinical practice with either total thyroidectomy (TT) or thyroid lobectomy (TL), and randomized to receive pCCND (bilateral or ipsilateral, respectively) or not. Patients undergoing TT and those undergoing TL will be analyzed separately in two parallel cohorts. The primary objective is to assess the impact of pCCND on disease persistence or recurrence during long-term follow-up. Secondary objectives include evaluation of surgical complications and the impact of pCCND on pathological staging.

The goal of this interventional study is to compare the effectiveness of two surgical approaches in identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroidectomy. The main questions it aims to answer are: How does each approach affect the length of hospital stay? How does each approach affect the number of adverse events that occur during surgery? How does each approach affect vocal cord function after surgery? Researchers will compare the new medial approach to the standard lateral approach to evaluate its effectiveness. Participants scheduled to undergo thyroidectomy surgery will be randomly assigned to one of these approaches after informed consent is obtained. Data will be collected during and after the surgery by a research assistant.

Researchers will compare oral flurbiprofen (%0.25) spray and ice cream to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if oral flurbiprofen (%0.25) spray and ice cream works to effect post-thyroidectomy throat pain and voice quality. Participants will: * Receive 1 puff of oral flurbiprofen (0.25%) spray or 105 ml of ice cream or 1 puff of oral spray prepared with drinking water (placebo) at 5 hours postoperatively according to randomization result * Undergo voice analysis using Praat voice analysis (University of Amsterdam) at 6 hours postoperatively * Undergo a visual analog scale for analgesia status at 6 hours postoperatively

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of non-thermal plasma (NTP) as an adjuvant treatment for surgical bed decontamination and accelerated tissue repair in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy. The study aims to address the following objectives: * Does the intraoperative application of NTP to the surgical bed and closed incision promote accelerated tissue regeneration compared to conventional postoperative care? * Does NTP treatment reduce postoperative inflammatory response, pain intensity, and the incidence of site-specific complications (such as surgical site infection or seroma)? * What is the safety profile of helium-based NTP in the cervical anatomical region regarding neighboring neurovascular structures? Participants will be randomized into two arms: 1. The experimental group: Receiving a standardized application of helium-based NTP (at a frequency of 13.56 MHz) to the surgical bed prior to closure and subsequently to the sutured incision. 2. The control group: Receiving standard-of-care surgical wound management. Clinical follow-up will include quantitative assessment of healing rates, pain scales (VAS), and biochemical or clinical markers of inflammation at scheduled intervals (Days 1, 7, 15, and up to 12 weeks post-surgery).

Nearly 50,000 thyroidectomies are performed in France each year for benign and malignant pathologies. Each one affects the life of the patient and represents, for some, suffering, symbolized by the stigma of the operation. The consequences of these scars vary according to the patient, their experience and their culture. For example, cervicotomies are particularly badly accepted in Asia since they are supposed to interrupt the fertility meridian. In France, increasing attention is being paid to the global management of a person with some disease. As a disease state may be transitory, the medical team must consider the situation "after the illness" and plan a return to normality. In particular, alternative approaches to cervicotomy have been developed, in which the scar is in a less visible location, at the cost of a more extensive dissection. These techniques include the transaxillary approach, the bi-areolar biaxillary approach and the retroauricular approach. Such procedures, initially developed as an endoscopic approach, have become progressively robotically assisted, to help with the ergonomics of the procedure. Even though robotic assistance initially helped to spread use of these techniques, it has, over time, limited them, first because of higher cost, and second because of the high learning curve (50 to 75 cases). Finally, the transaxillary approach, which is the most commonly performed, has an inherent problem due to the decreased visibility of the noble structures on the contralateral side, leading to frequent subtotal resection. Since 2014, the Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy by Vestibular Approach (TOETVA) has been developed as an alternative to these robot-assisted procedures. Because this technique offers the surgeon similar access to the anatomical structures on both sides of the trachea and makes it possible to identify the noble structures to be preserved, TOETVA is currently undergoing a more widespread use in France and worldwide and more candidates for are being offered the procedure. TOETVA reduces the need for dissection to reach the thyroid gland. Moreover, this procedure does not require any special equipment, even if robotic assistance has been used in transoral thyroidectomy. Just like the electric light was not developed from the continuous improvement of candles, entirely new approaches are sometimes necessary in surgery. The Scientific Committee of the French Association of Endocrine Surgery is convinced that TOETVA, will become more widely used in France, even if this technique is a major departure from the standard approach. However, it is technically more demanding and must, therefore, be evaluated and supervised. This will require a safety study and a comparison with the current reference procedure, the anterior cervical thyroidectomy (AC). The investigators assume, based on our initial experience, that the use of endoscopic equipment and its magnification will allow good visualization of the noble elements (recurrent nerve and parathyroid glands) and that the complication rate of TOETVA will not be higher than that of the reference approach. The investigators propose to evaluate, through a prospective randomized study, an innovative endocrine surgical technique that has started to be used worldwide. Although this study is in line with the objectives of an evaluation of the pertinence of care by the health authorities, it would be the first assessment of this innovative surgical technique in thyroid surgery. To our knowledge, after an extensive bibliographic search, no prospective multicenter randomized trial comparing TOETVA to AC has yet been performed, even if many cohorts of patients have been reported to have benefited from this approach6. In this trial, any change to the quality of life will be extensively evaluated. The use of validated scores to quantify pain and quality of life will provide objective information and make it possible to determine the impact of the presence or absence of a scar.

Comparative Evaluation of LigaSure Versus Conventional Bipolar Diathermy in Thyroid Surgery: Operative and Postoperative Outcome.

Since the anatomical location and appearance of the parathyroid gland (PTG) vary, detection of the PTG and preserving the blood supply are among the difficulties encountered during a thyroidectomy procedure. We are planning to train a deep convolutional neural network based on a larger sample of endoscopic images to develop a model to assist surgeons in detection of PTG during endoscopic thyroidectomy. Furthermore, we would like to train a DCNN to predict blood perfusion based on endoscopic images comparing to indocyanine green fluorescence angiography as reference standard, and assess the performance of DCNN in predicting postoperative hypoparathyroidism.

Skeletal muscle mass plays an important role with both metabolism and functional capacity. It is well established that the aging process leads to a significant decline in both muscle mass and strength which is associated with frailty , an increased risk of falls and decreased physical fitness and function In this context, high-load resistance training has been shown to reduce the risk of falls and increase strength and functional capacity in middle-aged and/or elderly individuals. Aquatic exercise is one method that has previously been shown to improve muscle strength, balance, and coordination in those of advancing age Although the evidence supports the effectiveness of both water-based burpee exercise in middle-aged and elderly individuals, has, to our knowledge, never been investigated. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the long-term effect of water-based burpee exercises

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the potential differences in morbidity of thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland) depending on the preoperative hormonal status. The main question it aims to answer is: Do patients undergoing thyroidectomy for thyreotoxicosis (thyroid hyperfunction) due to Graves' disease or Amiodarone induced thyreotoxicosis have comparable complication rates depending on their thyroid metabolic status prior or during the procedure. The data from participants undergoing a thyroidectomy at one of the study sites will be prospectively registered in the EUROCRINE registry, including an add-on module for additional study specific routine data. The operation itself, the preoperative or postoperative treatments are not altered in any way.

The frequent occurrence of impaired function in the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerves following thyroid surgery is recognized as a prevalent complication leading to a diminished quality of life. The objective of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to assess the efficacy of neuromonitoring during thyroid surgery in order to safeguard the integrity of these nerves.

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) has the advantage of scarless cosmesis but has limitations of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy. Intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring (I-IONM) techniques have been utilized during TOETVA to identify and map RLN to prevent RLN injury. However, the insult may still occur between two neural stimulations. Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (C-IONM) has been used in TOETVA to persistent stimulation of RLN. but only in our hospital. This rare use may be related to technical challenges. Recently, we successfully developed a novel technique of percutaneous C-IONM using an external fixator to secure the stimulation probe to steadily monitor the real-time functional status of RLN during the TOETVA. In this retrospective study, 304 patients undergone TOETVA were enrolled and divided according to the usage of IONM techniques into percutaneous or peroral intermittent and continuous groups. Patient's age, sex, BMI, thyroid disease, operation time, EMG signal and RLN palsy rate were compared to verified the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of different IONM techniques. We hypothesized percutaneous C-IONM has the superiority in early detection of RLN injury and reducing of RLN palsy in TOETVA.