Sevoflurane

The primary aim of this work is to assess the impact of exposure to isoflurane or sevoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic on the oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions in patients undergoing elective moderate invasive surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy).

This study will be conducted to evaluate the effects of different anesthetic modalities \[sevoflurane with or without intraoperative lidocaine infusion and Propofol total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA)\] on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral oxygenation assessed by non-invasive methods during laparoscopic hysterectomy (LH).

Hypothermia is a common complication in pediatric anesthesia. Hypothermia will prolong the recovery time of anesthesia, and may also lead to increased oxygen consumption, prolonged blood coagulation time, and affect the metabolism of anesthetic drugs and postoperative immune function. Sevoflurane is the most commonly used inhaled anesthetic in children. This study explored the effect of sevoflurane on the sweat threshold of pediatric patients and analyzed the characteristics of body temperature regulation in children of different ages under anesthesia, which will help to understand the mechanism of body temperature regulation in children under anesthesia, and also provide a scientific basis for clinical anesthesia temperature management.

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effect of sevoflurane and propofol on analgesia nociception index(ANI) in patients undergoing general anesthesia. The main question it aims to answer is whether propofol anesthesia results in lesser ANI change to a nociceptive stimulation compared to sevoflurane.

Sevoflurane is one of the most commonly used volatile anesthetics in children because of its rapid induction, recovery and recovery properties. Clinical studies using noninvasive brain monitoring have shown that general anesthetics and hypnotics generate electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations in specific spatial tissues that are fundamentally related to the structure and function of neural circuits. Slow-wave-delta (0.1-4 Hz) oscillations were present in children of all ages, and the advantage of frontal α-wave oscillations appeared at approximately 6 months, began to be consistent at 10 months, and persisted at older ages. Another study, which analyzed EEG under sevoflurane general anesthesia in children aged 0-6 months, found that Theta and alpha wave power decreased with a decrease in sevoflurane concentrations in infants between 4 and 6 months of recovery. However, these studies lack detailed characterization of the neural circuit activity associated with anesthesia, especially at specific developmental ages that are highly correlated with brain plasticity. The aim of this study was to explore electroencephalogram (EEG) of children of different ages under sevoflurane general anesthesia (including anesthesia induction, maintenance and recovery) . By analyzing these EEG data in detail, we hope to be able to better understand the EEG characteristics of children of different ages under sevoflurane anesthesia, and thus develop a neurophysiology pediatric anesthesia status monitoring strategy.

The aim of this study is to compare patient satisfaction and intubating conditions with fiber optic intubation under sevoflurane sedation versus airway blocks in difficult airway patients

Emergence agitation (EA) involves restlessness, disorientation, excitation, non-purposeful movement, inconsolability, thrashing, and incoherence during early recovery from general anesthesia. Sevoflurane and desflurane have increased the incidence of EA in children. A proposed explanation for this is that sevoflurane and desflurane cause differential recovery rates in brain function, due to differences in clearance of inhalational anesthetics from the central nervous system; whereas audition and locomotion recover first, cognitive function recovers later, resulting in EA. Low-flow anaesthesia (LFA) occurs when the fresh gas flow (FGF) is significantly lower than the patient's minute volume. In a low-flow system, the recirculated fraction should amount to at least 50% after carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption.In LFA using minimal FGF (250-500 mL/min), if the vaporizer is turned off 10-15 minutes before the end of the operation and the FGF is not changed, the inhaled anesthetic agent concentration gradually and slowly decreases to zero and the inhaled agent consumption decreases even more. In a study conducted on infants undergoing cleft lip-palate surgery, it was shown that the incidence of postoperative agitation were statistically lower in infants who administered 0.5 L/min FGF. Strabismus surgery is one of the most frequently performed ophthalmologic operations in children and is associated with moderate postoperative pain and a high incidence of EA (40-86%). The incidence of EA after strabismus surgery is high, especially due to visual disturbances; however, the pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. In our study, the effects of different FGFs administered in children undergoing strabismus surgery on EA and anesthetic agent consumption will be investigated.